In today’s interconnected world, where communication and commerce often rely heavily on mail and electronic transmissions, the potential for fraud has unfortunately increased. Mail and wire fraud, federal offenses that target schemes using the postal service or electronic communication, can have devastating consequences for both individuals and businesses. These crimes often involve complex financial transactions, deceptive tactics, and the exploitation of trust. The federal government takes these offenses seriously. Additionally, they dedicate in significant resources to investigating and prosecuting those accused of mail and wire fraud. A conviction can lead to substantial prison sentences, hefty fines, and a criminal record that can severely impact your future. Understanding the nuances of these laws, the potential defenses available, and the importance of experienced legal counsel is crucial if you are facing accusations of mail or wire fraud. At KAASS LAW, we dedicate to providing comprehensive and aggressive legal representation to individuals and businesses facing these complex charges. The following will aim to shed light on the intricacies of mail and wire fraud, offering insights into the legal definitions, potential penalties, and the critical role of a skilled defense attorney.
Mail and Wire Fraud Laws
18 USC Section 1341
According to 18 USC Section 1341 it is illegal to devise or intend to devise any scheme or artifice to defraud, or for obtaining property or money by means of fraudulent or false pretenses, promises or representations, or to sell, loan, dispose of, alter, exchange, give away, distribute, supply for unlawful use any counterfeit or spurious coin, obligation, security, or other article, or the purpose of executing such scheme or artifice or attempting so to do, places in any post office or authorized depository for mail matter, any matter or thing whatever to be sent or delivered by the Postal Service, or deposits or causes to be deposited any matter or thing whatever to be sent or delivered by any private or commercial interstate carrier, or take or receive therefrom, any such matter or thing, or knowingly cause to be delivered by mail or such carrier according to the direction thereon, or at the place at which it is directed to be delivered by the person to whom it is addressed, any such matter or thing.
18 USC Section 1343
According to 18 USC Section 1343, it is illegal to devise or intend to devise any scheme or artifice to defraud, for obtaining property or money by means of fraudulent or false pretenses, promises, or representations, transmits or causes to be transmitted by means of wire, television, radio, or communication in interstate or foreign commerce, any writings, signs, pictures, signals, or sounds for the purpose of executing such artifice or scheme.
Elements of Mail and Wire Fraud Crimes
Mail and wire fraud statutes are basically the same, except for the medium associated with the offense. The wire communication in the case of wire fraud and mail in the case of mail fraud and. The prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt the following elements to convict the defendant of mail fraud:
Defendant used either wire or mail communications in the foreseeable furtherance.
There was a scheme involving a material deception for the purposes of committing fraud.
Defendant willfully and knowingly participated in the scheme.
Defendant had the intention to deprive another person either of property or honest services.
Use of Wire Communication
For the purposes of these statutes, wire communication means receiving, transmitting or causing something to be received or transmitted through television or radio signal, an interstate electronic or telephone communication in furtherance of the scheme
Use of the Mail Communications
18 USC Section 1343, defines the use of mail communications as the following:
Placing materials in a mailbox or post office with the intention that the materials are delivered by either the U.S. Postal Service or a private interstate mail carrier to another person.
Receiving anything that de by the U.S. Postal Service or a private mail carrier.
Causing something to deliver by mail.
Scheme to Defraud
Both mail and wire fraud statutes prohibit any scheme or artifice to obtain or defraud property or money by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, promises, representations, or deprive another person’s right to honest services by such means.
Intent
The defendant must have an intent to defraud which is a willful act with the specific intent to cheat or deceive, typically for the purpose of causing financial loss to another person or getting financial gain. Misconduct that constitutes mail or wire fraud may also constitute a violation of other federal crimes. Among these are frauds based on jurisdictional factors other than the use of mail or wire communication, predicate offense crimes, and other honest services frauds in the form of kickbacks or bribery.
Penalties for Mail/Wire Fraud
Up to twenty years in federal prison
A fine of up to $250,000 or $500,000 for organizations
In case the fraud targeted any benefit related to a presidentially declared emergency or disaster or affected a financial institution, the defendant will face
Up to thirty years in federal prison
A fine of up to $1,000,000.
Contact US
At KAASS LAW, we have a proven track record of successfully defending individuals and businesses against federal fraud charges, including mail and wire fraud. We understand the intricacies of these laws and commit to providing our clients with the highest quality legal representation. If you are facing accusations of mail or wire fraud, contact us today for a confidential consultation. We will review your case, explain your options, and develop a defense strategy to protect your rights and your future. Don't face these serious charges alone. Let the experienced attorneys at KAASS LAW fight for you.
In California, damaging property is a serious offense. Especially if it has to do with phone, electricals, and even utility lines. Penal Code Section 591 makes it a crime for these types of damages. Maliciously taking down, disconnecting, cutting or obstructing any line of telegraph, phones, cable TV, or any line used to conduct electricity is punishable. Our modern contemporary society depends and relies on these utilities. These vital services is powers our homes and businesses. The following will dive into the specifics of CA Penal Code 591. Furthermore, we will be exploring the violations, potential penalties and the importance of seeking legal counsel if facing these types of charges under this statute.
California Penal Code Section 591: Damaging Phone, Electrical or Utility Lines
Under California Penal Code Section 591 it is illegal to maliciously and purposely damage, obstruct, disconnect remove, or otherwise injure wires, cables, television, or any equipment that is used for a telephone, cable, or electric service. Often the crime of damaging phone, electrical, or utility lines is charged in combination with other offenses such as burglary or domestic violence. For committing this crime during an episode of domestic violence or burglary the defendant can face harsher charges than under .
Riding the open road with the wind hitting your way can be eventful in your motorcycle rental. However, things can go sideways when dealing with a collision that puts bodily harm upon yourself. Since the vehicle is not yours, or if the other party collided with you with a rented motorcycle, the question arises. Can I sue a rental motorcycle company for this accident? This is a valid question to ask, and here at KAASS LAW, we can help. We understand the devastating impact accidents can have. Furthermore, we dedicate to helping injured individuals understand their rights and pursue just compensation. The following will explore the circumstances under which a rental motorcycle company might be liable for an accident. As a result, this will bring challenges involved in such cases.
Asserting Injured Person's Rights After a Rental Motorcycle Accident
When the driver of a rental vehicle is a part of the accident, it is important to know who is liable and how the injured victim must get compensation for the caused injuries. Usually, incidents where a rental motorcycle has been obtained by a driver do not lead to a case because the driver accepts responsibility for the motorcycle, and the rental company can't be responsible for damages to the victim. Though, it is often difficult to discern without a thorough investigation which insurance carrier must provide funds. When the driver has purchased a rental company's insurance, less coverage is allocated to the driver than his own insurance would allow. Generally, a renter needs to get his own liability insurance to rent a car, and if he doesn't, he is supposed to buy liability insurance with minimum coverage through the rental vehicle company. In California, rental vehicle companies do not automatically provide protection to a renter as part of the rental agreement, though some do provide minimum liability protection to international renters. In case a person is suing a driver of a rental motorcycle for causing injuries, usually, he will have to establish the elements of negligence such as duty, a breach of duty, causation, and damages. But, in case the driver has insufficient insurance coverage for the accident, whether, through his personal insurance policy or a policy from the rental motorcycle company. The injured person may not be able to recover the full scope of the damages. Even if he manages to establish the driver's liability for the accident.
In today's globalized marketplace, the allure of lower prices can sometimes lead consumers down a dangerous path: the world trafficking of counterfeit goods. From knock-off handbags and electronics to fake pharmaceuticals and automotive parts. The proliferation of counterfeit products poses a significant threat to businesses, consumers, and the economy as a whole. While consumers may think they're getting a bargain. However, the reality is that counterfeit goods often fund organized crime, endanger public health and safety, and undermine the integrity of brands. The federal government takes the trafficking of counterfeit goods extremely seriously. Furthermore, those involved in these illicit activities face severe penalties under 18 USC Section 2320. This law provides a powerful tool for prosecutors to combat the growing problem of counterfeiting. Also, understanding its implications is crucial for anyone involving in the manufacturing, distribution, or sale of goods and services. At KAASS LAW, we dedicate to protecting our clients' interests and providing comprehensive legal representation. Cases involving intellectual property rights and federal criminal charges, including those related to counterfeit goods. The following will dive into the intricacies of 18 USC Section 2320, exploring what constitutes trafficking in counterfeit goods, the potential consequences, and the importance of securing experienced legal counsel.
The healthcare industry operates a complex design but is there for a patient's well-being and maintains the integrity of federal healthcare programs. Among these regulations, the Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) stands as a critical safeguard against improper financial relationships that can influence medical decision-making and inflate healthcare costs. This statute, codified at 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b(b), prohibits the knowing and willful exchange of remuneration to induce or reward referrals for services or items paid for by federal healthcare programs like Medicare, Medicaid, and TRICARE. Understanding the nuances of the AKS is paramount for healthcare providers, as violations can lead to severe penalties, including substantial fines, exclusion from federal healthcare programs, and even criminal prosecution. At KAASS LAW, we recognize the complexities of the AKS and its potential impact on healthcare practices. This blog post aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the statute, its implications, and the importance of seeking experienced legal counsel to ensure compliance.
Anti-Kickback Statute 42 US Code Section 1320a-7b(b)
According to the Anti-Kickback Statute 42 US Code Section 1320A-7B(B), it is prohibited to knowingly and willfully offer, solicit, pay, or receive anything of value which create any type of reward for referring patients to, recommending or arranging any type of purchase that falls under the payment made by health care benefit programs. The statute covers both the payers of kickbacks-those who pay or offer remuneration and the recipients of kickbacks-those who receive or solicit remuneration.
Accusations of fraud against the government can carry severe consequences, including hefty fines, imprisonment, and damage to your reputation. Two key federal statutes governing these offenses are 18 U.S.C. §§ 286 and 287, which address false, fictitious, or fraudulent claims made to the United States government. These laws are broad in scope, covering a wide range of fraudulent activities, from submitting false invoices to making misrepresentations in applications for government benefits. Understanding the nuances of these statutes, the potential penalties, and available defenses is crucial if you are facing allegations under either section. At KAASS LAW, we recognize the gravity of such accusations and are dedicated to providing comprehensive and robust legal representation to individuals and businesses targeted in these investigations. The following will dive into the specifics of 18 U.S.C. §§ 286 and 287. Furthermore. we will be exploring the elements of the offenses, potential defenses, and the critical importance of securing experienced legal counsel.
False, Fictitious, or Fraudulent Claims, 18 US Code, Sections 286, and 287
According to Title 18, US Code, Sections 286, and it is illegal to make false, fictitious, or fraudulent claims upon the United States or conspire to make such claims.
The war on drugs, a decades-long, generational disputes over illicit substances, is a complex web of laws and regulations at both the federal and state levels. While state laws often address possession and smaller-scale distribution, federal drug trafficking charges are way more harsher penalties and can have life changing consequences. These charges are not simply about possessing a small amount of an illegal substance; they involve a complex interplay of factors, including the type and quantity of the drug, the method of distribution, and any involvement in larger criminal organizations. Understanding the nuances of federal drug trafficking laws is crucial, as even seemingly minor missteps can lead to severe repercussions, including lengthy prison sentences, hefty fines, and a criminal record that can haunt you for years to come. At KAASS LAW, we understand the gravity of these charges and the impact they can have on your life. We are dedicated to providing aggressive and compassionate legal representation to individuals facing federal drug trafficking accusations. The following will provide a comprehensive overview of federal drug trafficking laws, potential defenses, and the importance of securing experienced legal counsel.
Federal Drug Trafficking Law US Code 21 Section 841
Federal drug trafficking law US Code 21 Section 841 states that it is unlawful to knowingly and intentionally manufacture, dispense, distribute, or possess the intention to manufacture, distribute or dispense a controlled substance; or distribute, create, dispense or possess with the intention to dispense or distribute the counterfeit substance.
According to California Vehicle Code Section 406(a), a "moped" or "motorized bicycle" (also known as an electric bike or e-bike) is capable of no more than 30 mph on level ground with fully operative pedals for human propulsion, or an electric motor, with or without pedals for human propulsion or a motor producing less than two gross brake horsepower and an automatic transmission. In California, electric bikes are not considered motor vehicles, and the riders are not required to have a license for operating them. An e-bike doesn’t need to be registered with the state. E-bike riders are not required to comply with California's financial responsibility law and are not required to have liability insurance. California State legislature passed Assembly Bill No. 1096 which classifies e-bikes into 3 categories based on the method of operation and maximum speed.
Three Classes of Electric Bicycles Under California Law:
Class 1: E-bike with a top assisted speed of 20 mph that must be pedaled Class 2: E-bike with a top assisted speed of 20 mph that does not have to be pedaled Class 3: E-bike with a top assisted speed of 28 mph California laws also require the rider to obey the following basic bicycle laws:
Driver shouldn’t ride on the freeway with his e-bike
California, a state synonymous with movement and progress, relies heavily on its intricate network of public transportation. From the iconic cable cars of San Francisco to the sprawling Metrolink system connecting Southern California, millions of people depend on common carriers to navigate their daily lives. We entrust these carriers with our safety, expecting a smooth and secure journey whether we're commuting to work, exploring a new city, or traveling across the state. But what happens when that trust is broken? What legal responsibilities do these common carriers bear, and what recourse do passengers have when negligence leads to injury? At KAASSS LAW, we understand the complexities surrounding common carrier law, and we're here to shed light on this crucial aspect of personal injury and transportation law, ensuring you understand your rights and the protections afforded to you as a passenger in California. Navigating the aftermath of an accident involving a common carrier can be daunting, but with the right legal guidance, you can pursue justice and secure the compensation you deserve.
Defining the Common Carrier:
According to California Civil Code Section 2168, a common carrier is everyone who offers the public to carry persons, property, or messages, excepting only telegraphic messages. Typically, a common carrier is transportation company that has a contract to transport property, people, and goods across or around within state lines as public services. A common carrier is any entity that holds itself out to the public as willing to transport passengers or property from one place to another for compensation. This definition encompasses a wide range of businesses, including:
At KAASS LAW, we understand that your reputation is invaluable. While many are familiar with defamation claims like libel and slander, a less discussed but equally damaging legal avenue exists. In another legal term, this called tort of false light. In California, false light claims offer recourse for individuals who are victims of privacy invasion and are in public display that is highly offensive to a reasonable person, even if the information isn't technically false. The following will delve into the intricacies of false light claims in California. As a result, this will be helping you understand your rights and whether you might have a viable legal case.
What Is a False Light Claim in California?
Invasion of privacy is defined as the intrusion of another person’s right to privacy and can be performed as an unreasonable interference with an individual’s confidential information, solitude, or public image. False light is considered a type of invasion of privacy tort, and it happens when one person alters the public image of another one by portraying that person in an offensive and false light.
Elements the Plaintiff Must Prove for California False Light Claims
To have a successful claim against a defendant, a plaintiff must be able to prove the following four elements:
PC 591 states that, prosecutor must establish the following elements to prove that the defendant is guilty of this damaging phone, electrical or utility lines under PC Section 591:
Defendant illegally and maliciously took down, damaged, removed or obstructed a telephone, cable television or electrical line or mechanical equipment connected to the line, or
Defendant illegally and maliciously severed a telephone, cable television or electrical line or
Defendant illegally and maliciously made an unauthorized connection with a line used to conduct mechanical equipment or electricity connected to the line
The defendant can also be charged with criminal obstructing or cutting electrical or telephone lines as a result of illegally making an unlawful connection with an electrical line.
Acting Maliciously
For the purposes of PC Section 591, acting maliciously means that defendant had the intention to injure another one or do an unlawful act while accessing the electrical, phone, or cable lines.
Legal defenses for California Penal Code Section 591 Charges
Accident
An accident is the most common defense for these cases. In order to be successfully convicted of a violation of Penal code Section 591, the defendant must have acted willfully. If the incident was an accident then the defendant not act deliberately then he did not commit a crime.
Penalties for Violating California Penal Code Section 591
In California law illegally and maliciously injuring electrical, cable or telephone lines is a wobbler and can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony depending on the case facts and the defendant's criminal history. The prosecutor will also take into account the extent of damage and the reason for the defendant’s actions.
Penalties for a Misdemeanor Conviction of PC 591 Are the Following:
Up to one year in a county jail
A fine of up to 1,000
Misdemeanor (summary) probation
Penalties for a Felony Conviction of PC 591 Are the Following:
Felony (formal) probation;
Sixteen months, two or three years in a county jail under California's realignment program;
A fine of up to $10,000.
Additional consequences can include possible civil suits from the victims. Thus the defendant can face additional financial liability if he or she is in a civil case for punitive damages for covering the cost of repairs.
Facing these types of charges can have serious consequences, including potential jail time, fines, fees, and or potentially having a criminal record. It is important to seek legal consultation or speak with an attorney right away. Our office can provide a service or can help investigate the case, negotiate with prosecution, or even represent you in court if needed. Checking the facts is the first thing we want to establish, then we would like help develop a defense strategy when applicable. Pena Code 591 isn't Capital Punishment, but still serious nonetheless. We warn all readers and anyone in the community to avoid any acts of harm or commit property damage. At KAASS LAW, we have the experience in helping individuals that are facing criminal charges, including destruction or damages of essential infrastructure. We understand how complex Penal Code 591 is and commit to providing our clients with the high quality legal representation. If you are dealing with these charges under this statue, contact us today for a consultation that will be confidential. We will be happy to review your case, explain your options and provide a defense strategy if necessary. Allow us to try to help you protect your rights. Don't face these serious charges alone alone. Let our litigating team help you.
Rare Circumstances Which Allow Bringing a Lawsuit Against the Rental Company
In California, rental vehicle companies do not have an legal obligation to investigate a renter's driving record. However, the situation is different in case the at-fault driver rented the car with a suspended license. The rental motorcycle company is required to check the license and compare the signatures on the customer's license and the rental agreement. In case the rental vehicle company doesn't follow the mentioned procedure of verification, it may be held directly liable for negligent entrustment. This is when it rents to an incompetent or unfit driver who has a revoked or suspended license. The rental agency can also be liable if the provided motorcycle had a defect that could lead to an accident, and it was known by the company without a fix implemented. So, there was foreknowledge about the defective materials or parts within the motorcycle that were allocated to the victim of the accident. Even if an insurance policy coverage is at the motorcycle company. The business could still be liable for the damages due to the breach of duty. Furthermore, claims go through an insurance provider to guarantee compensation and recovery of the victim.
Why You Need Legal Representation
If you sustain an injury in an accident involving a rented motorcycle, it is important to seek legal consultation as soon as you can. Our personal injury firm can:
Investigate and Assess: With thorough research, we can assess the the accident by gathering evidence and do extensive research.
Evaluate Rental Coverage: With careful review, we can examine the rental agreement to identify liability coverage.
Negotiate: Our team knows how to speak with insurance companies and adjusters to fight for your compensation.
Litigate: If needed, we can take these matters to court to represent you and protect your rights.
At KAASS LAW, we have years of experience in handling personal injury cases, including motorcycle accidents, with rental companies. We understand the complexities of these cases and we commit to helping our clients obtain the compensation they deserve. If you've you've been injured in an accident involving a rented motorcycle, contact us today for a confidential consultation. We will review your case, explain your options, and help you navigate the legal process. Don't face this difficult time alone. Let the experienced attorneys at KAASS LAW fight for you. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdxKaTtFv-A If you’ve been injured in a motorcycle accident, we invite you to contact KAASS Law for a free consultation at (310) 943-1171. Our staff speaks English, Spanish, Armenian, Russian, and French.
Trafficking in Counterfeit Goods or Services 18 USC Section 2320
According to Trafficking in Counterfeit Goods or Services law 18 USC Section 2320, you cannot knowingly and willfully perform, attempt, or conspire to perform any of acts listed below.
traffic in goods or services and knowingly and willfully use a counterfeit mark on or in connection with such goods or services;
traffic in stickers, labels, badges, wrappers, emblems, medallions, charms, boxes, containers, cans, hangtags, documentation, cases, or packaging of any type or nature, knowing that a counterfeit mark has been applied thereto, the use of which is likely to cause confusion, to cause mistake
traffic in goods or services knowing that product is a counterfeit military good or service the use, malfunction, or failure of which is likely to cause death or serious bodily injury, impairment of combat operations, the disclosure of classified information or other significant harm to a combat operation, a member of the Armed Forces, or to national security
traffic in a counterfeit drug.
Elements of Crimes Involved With Trafficking in Counterfeit Goods or Services
The the government must prove the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt for convicting the defendant of federal counterfeiting:
Defendant trafficked, attempted to traffic, or conspired to traffic in services, goods or drugs;
Defendant counterfeit the goods, services or drugs from those lawfully created by the trademark owner of these goods, services, or drugs;
Defendant was aware the goods, services or drugs were counterfeit
Defendant intended for the goods, services, or l drugs to illegally pass as original, and be distributed as such.
Defenses to Federal Counterfeiting Charges
The product was not counterfeit
In case the good, service, or drug was original and the attached trademark was genuine but was repackaged or altered after it was bought or distributed from the manufacturer, the defendant can’t be found guilty under 18 USC Section 2320.
The defendant didn’t know that the product was counterfeit
This can be a valid defense in case the defendant can prove that he had a reasonable belief that the good, service or drug that he was selling was genuine.
Penalties for Trafficking in Goods and Services Under 18 USC Section 2320
Up to ten years in federal prison
A fine of up to $2 million
In case the defendant caused serious bodily injury he will face:
Up to twenty years in federal prison
A fine of up to $5 million
For second or subsequent offense for federal counterfeiting the defendant will face:
Up to twenty years in federal prison
A fine of up to $5 million
In case the defendant’s action caused another person’s death he will face:
From 25 years to life in federal prison.
In case the defendant is convicted of counterfeiting drugs or military goods or services he will face:
Up to twenty years in federal prison
A fine of up to $5 million.
For the second or subsequent crime of counterfeiting drugs or military goods or services he will face:
Up to thirty years in federal prison
A fine of up to $15 million.
Contact Us
At KAASS LAW, we have extensive experience in handling cases involving intellectual property rights and federal criminal charges, including those related to counterfeit goods. We understand the complexities of 18 USC Section 2320 and commit to providing our clients with the highest quality legal representation. If you are facing allegations of trafficking in counterfeit goods, contact us today for a confidential consultation. Additionally, we offer consultation for anyone being accused of counterfeiting a prescription blank. We will review your case, explain your options, and develop a personalized defense strategy to protect your rights and your future. Don't face these serious charges alone. Let the experienced attorneys at KAASS LAW fight for you. [contact-form-7 id="5673" title="KAASS LAW Contact Form"]
Illegal remuneration includes anything of value and can take many forms besides cash, such as:
Expensive hotel stays and meals free rent
Compensation for medical consultancies or directorships.
Bribes
Rebate
Gifts
Below market rent or lease agreements
Discounts
Services or equipment provided at below the market price
Safe Harbor
There are safe harbor regulations that protect certain payment and business practices that could otherwise implicate the Anti-Kickback Statute from criminal and civil prosecution. The safe harbor regulations put definitions of these practices to make them lawful for medical providers. The regulations must be exactly met with no exceptions to qualify for safe harbor protection.
Some Examples of Safe Harbor Regulations:
Certain discounts and price reductions
Employment relationships
Fair market value compensation
Group purchasing arrangements and organizations
In-office ancillary services
Incidental benefits
Isolated transactions
Non-monetary compensation
Personal service arrangements
Physician services
Kickbacks in Health Care Can Lead To:
Overutilization
Increased program costs
Corruption of medical decision making
Patient steering
Unfair competition
Penalty
The Anti-Kickback Statute is a criminal statute and it provides both civil and criminal penalties for violations. The criminal penalties are the following:
A fine of up to $25,000
Five years in federal prison
Additionally, the Office of the Inspector General for the Department of Health and Human Services can pursue:
False Claims Act liability
Civil penalties of up to $50,000 for a violation
Three times the amount of any government overpayment.
Sometimes penalties for Anti-Kickback violations also include a period of debarment or exclusion from participation in Medicaid, Medicare, and all other federal programs which provide health benefits.
Differences Between the Anti-Kickback Statute and the Stark Law
Anti-Kickback Statute and the Stark Law are the two main federal statutes that deal with remuneration related to improper referrals. Though the two laws are similar, there are several differences between the Stark Law and the Anti-Kickback Statute.
Anti-Kickback Statute includes both criminal and civil penalties when the Stark Law is exclusively a civil enforcement statute.
Anti-Kickback Statute applies to Medicare and any other federal healthcare program when the Stark Law applies only to Designate Health Services paid for by Medicare.
Anti-Kickback Statute applies to any referral source when a violation of the Stark Law involves a relationship between and an entity and a physician.
For violating the Anti-Kickback Statute the element of intent must be present when the Stark Law is a strict liability statute.
The Importance of Compliance and Legal Counsel:
Given the complexity and severity of the AKS, healthcare providers must prioritize compliance. This includes:
Developing and Implementing Compliance Programs: Establishing internal policies and procedures to ensure adherence to the AKS and other healthcare regulations.
Conducting Regular Audits: Reviewing existing arrangements to identify potential AKS risks and address any compliance gaps.
Seeking Legal Counsel: Consulting with experienced healthcare attorneys to analyze proposed arrangements and ensure they comply with the AKS.
Contact Us
At KAASS LAW, we understand AKS and its implications for healthcare providers. We can assist you with:
Analyzing existing arrangements: Reviewing your current business relationships to identify potential AKS risks.
Structuring new arrangements: Advising you on how to structure new ventures and agreements to comply with the AKS.
Developing compliance programs: Helping you create and implement effective compliance programs to minimize your risk of AKS violations.
Defending against AKS allegations: Providing aggressive and experienced representation if you are facing allegations of AKS violations.
Navigating the complexities of the AKS requires careful planning and expert legal guidance. Don't wait until you are facing an investigation or enforcement action.
The prosecution must establish the following element to convict the defendant under US Code Section 286.
Defendant engaged in a conspiracy to get payment from a claim presented to a department or agency of the US for property or money.
The presented claim was false, fictitious, or fraudulent.
The defendant knew that the presented claim was false, fictitious, or fraudulent.
There can also be two additional elements, depending on the district:
Defendant knew about the conspiracy.
The defendant joined the conspiracy of his free will.
Elements of Crime Under Us Code Section 287
The prosecution must establish the following element to convict the defendant under the US Code, Section 287.
Defendant made or presented a claim to a department or agency of the US for money or property
The presented claim was false, fictitious, or fraudulent
Defendant knew that the presented claim was false, fictitious, or fraudulent.
The defendant did so with the intent to violate the law or with the awareness that what he was doing was wrong.
What Are False, Fictitious, or Fraudulent Claims?
False - means illegal and deliberately untrue. Presenting a false claim is having the intention to perpetrate a betrayal of trust or fraud. Fictitious - means not real, feigned, or pretended. Fraudulent- means made, done, or affected with the intention to carry out a fraud.
Claim Against the Us
Examples of claims against the US include, but are not limited to:
Presenting untrue refund check to a financial institution for payment
Presenting false tax return seeking a refund
Cashing or depositing refund checks to which the person was not given to.
Presentation of a claim against the government must be more than an intention to make a claim; it must be presented physically and actually, and thereby made to the government. The defendant can be convicted for only presenting the false claim and it is not necessary that the government pay or otherwise fulfill the fraudulent claim. Moreover, the claim doesn’t have to be presented directly to the government, it can be presented to an intermediary authorized to accept the claim on behalf of the government, such as a tax return preparer, as long as the defendant is aware that the claim will we be presented to the government.
Defenses 18 US Code Section 286 and 287 Charges
The defendant didn’t have the intent to defraud.
Actually the process of making a claim against the government can be very confusing, and claimants can sometimes make honest mistakes. In case the prosecution can’t prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant made the false claim knowingly and intentionally he cannot be criminally liable for this crime.
There was no false claim.
In case the defendant can show that his claim was true and correct, then the charges can fall into dismissal.
Penalties for Violation 18 US Code Section 286 and 287
Section 286: Conspiracy to defraud the Government with respect to claims.
Up to 10 years in Federal Prison
A fine.
Section 287: False, fictitious or fraudulent claims.
Up to 5 years in Federal Prison
A fine.
Contact Us
At KAASS LAW, we have extensive experience in representing businesses in matters involving false claim allegations. We understand the complexities of these cases and commit to protecting our clients' interests. If you are facing such accusations, contact us today for a confidential consultation. Also, we offer guidance on how to deal with Notary Fraud, so please don't hesitate on seeking legal guidance! We will review your case, explain your options, and develop a strategy to minimize the impact on your business and your rights. Don't wait until it's too late and protect your business by seeking experienced legal counsel now from our team!
Elements of Federal Drug Trafficking Crimes Under US Code 21 Section 841
The prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt the following elements to convict the defendant of federal drug trafficking:
The defendant had the specific intent to traffic drugs.
The defendant had knowledge that he was transporting drugs
Counterfeit Substance
A counterfeit substance is a controlled substance that has the container or labeling of any trademark, identifying mark, trade name, number, imprint, device, or any likeness thereof, of a manufacturer, dispenser, or distributor or without authorization.
Involved importing drugs into the US or crossed state lines
Was related to a continuing criminal enterprise or an organized crime
Involved the sale of a large amount of drug
Involved transporting drugs through mail couriers such as FedEx, USPS, and UPS.
Simple Possession and Possession With the Intent to Distribute
Small amounts of drugs can be considered to be for personal use, and are often handled by local and state officials. But, in case the defendant is involved with larger amounts of drugs with the intent to distribute, his case is more likely to be handled by federal authorities.
Penalties for Federal Drug Trafficking
The judge considers the following factors when determining the defendant’s sentence:
Defendant’s criminal history
The type of drugs
The quantity of drugs
Whether or not the drug caused death or serious bodily injury to another person
According to the Controlled Substance Act (CSA), controlled substances are divided into five schedules based on their perceived abuse potential, safety concerns, and medical utility. Drugs listed in Schedule I have the highest potential for abuse. The defendant can face a 10-year minimum sentence for manufacture or possession with the intent to distribute the following drugs:
1 kg or more of heroin
5 kg or more of cocaine
280 g or more of crack
50 g or more of pure methamphetamines (500 g of meth mixture).
10 g or more of LSD
100 g or more of pure PCP
1000 kg or more of marijuana;
The defendant can face up to 20 years in federal prison for a second offense, and a life sentence for a third offense. In case someone suffered great bodily injury or died as a result of the crime the penalties can double from a minimum of 20 years to a life sentence for a subsequent offense.
Penalties for Smaller Amounts of Drugs
The defendant will also face a mandatory minimum sentence of 5 years in federal prison for smaller amounts of drugs.
100 g or more of heroin
28 g or more of crack
100 kg or more of marijuana
5 g or more of pure methamphetamines (50 g of meth mixture)
500 g or more of cocaine
10 g or more of pure PCP
1 g or more of LSD
Penalty Enhancement for Federal Drug Trafficking
The defendant will face harsher penalties in case he carried a firearm during a drug trafficking crime, was trafficking drugs near a federal facility or school, or used a minor under the age of 18 in drug operations.
Contact Us
At KAASS LAW, we have an experienced office in defending individuals against federal drug trafficking charges. We understand the complexities of federal law and are committed to providing our clients with the highest quality legal representation. If you are facing federal drug trafficking accusations, contact us today for a confidential consultation. Additionally, if you received any trouble from drugs hidden in a false compartment, we can also help! We will review your case, explain your options, and provide legal options in protecting your rights and your future. Don't face these serious charges alone. Let KAASS LAW fight for you. [contact-form-7 id="5673" title="KAASS LAW Contact Form"]
E-bike riders under the age of 18 are required to wear a helmet
It is prohibited to ride an e-bike under the influence of alcohol and drugs
Injuries Associated With Electric Bikes
E-bike accident injuries can be extensive, including fatalities. As e-bikes are faster and heavier than conventional bicycles, the e-bike force of impact on a pedestrian can be up to forty-five times harder. Here are the most common types of injuries associated with e-bikes:
Head injuries, including traumatic brain injury
Broken bones
Back and spinal injuries
Cuts and bruises
Determining Liability for Electric Bike Accidents
Driver at Fault
For holding an at-fault party accountable for the accident, a victim proves that the at-fault driver's negligence was the main factor in the crash. If the driver was impaired, speeding, distracted, or otherwise careless, he can be liable for caused injuries. There are several ways of proving the fault and determining the liability.
Asking witnesses about the crash.
Watching the cameras that can show how the crash happened
Finding out if the driver was ever arrested for reckless behavior or cited by the authorities
Taking photos of the accident and preserve the bike for a thorough inspection
The City at Fault
In case a defective or dangerous roadway caused a bicycle crash, the city or governmental agency, responsible for maintaining the roadway can be liable for the accident.
Manufacturer at Fault
In case the crash took place because of a malfunction with the e-bike itself, the victim can sue the manufacturer with a defective design, defective manufacturing or labeling or warning error claims
Other Parties That Can Be Liable for Electric Bike Accidents in California
Potentially liable parties in personal injury electric bike lawsuits also include pedestrians and other e-bike drivers.
Types of Damages That Can Be Recovered from a Successful Electric Bike Accident Claim
A successful e-bike accident claim will include compensation for:
Medical expenses
Hospitalization fees
Lost wages
Physical pain
Lost future wages
Cost of rehabilitation
Mental anguish and other related damages.
If you or a loved one has been injured in an e-bike accident we encourage you to contact experienced bike accident attorneys at KAASS Law for a free consultation today.
Public transportation: Buses, trains (including light rail and subways), ferries, and airplanes.
Transportation services: Taxi companies, ride-sharing services (though their classification is complex and evolving), and shuttle services.
Freight companies: Trucking companies, railroads, and airlines that transport goods.
The key element distinguishing a common carrier from a private carrier is the public offering. A private carrier, like a company that only transports its own goods or employees, does not fall under the same legal obligations as a common carrier.
Examples of Common Carriers in California:
Railways
Buses
Streetcars or Cable Cars
Taxicabs
Elevators Escalators
Airlines
Ski resort chair lifts
Cruise ships
Elements Plaintiff Must Establish Under a Negligence Cause of Action
Here are the elements which the plaintiff must establish under a negligence cause of action:
Defendant owed a duty of care is to the plaintiff
Defendant breached his duty of care to the plaintiff
Defendant was the proximate and actual cause of the plaintiff’s damages
As a result of the defendants’ negligence plaintiff actually suffered some psychological or physical harm
Standards and Guidelines for Common Carriers in California
Common carriers in California are subject to a higher standard of care than other automobile operators. Under California Civil Code Section 2100 a common carrier “must use the utmost diligence and care and for the safe carriage, must provide everything necessary for that purpose, and must exercise to that end a reasonable degree of skill”. Typically, common carriers must follow the below-mentioned guidelines:
Common carriers must provide a safe vehicle to all passengers that are fit for the duties it was hired to perform
Common carriers must treat give the passengers a reasonable level of attention and treat them with civility
Common carriers must warn the passengers of any dangers, protect them from the dangers, including dangers caused by other passengers
Common carriers must carefully choose employees and provide them with adequate training
Common carriers regularly perform maintenance on the vehicle, safety inspections and make sure all equipment is up to current safety standards
Who Can Be Liable for an Accident Involving a Common Carrier?
Here are some examples of unseen parties that can be liable for an accident involving a common carrier:
Owner of common carrier
Company of common carrier
Operator of common carrier
Manufacturer of common carrier
Maintenance company
State government
Local government
Filing a Lawsuit Against a Common Carrier in California
Normally a plaintiff has two years from the date of the accident to file a personal injury cause against the common carrier. There is a six-month deadline to file a claim for plaintiffs who have suffered injuries while on-board common carriers owed by public entities. Failure to file a claim within the six-month period will bar the injured person from recovery. In some cases, California civil courts allow exceptions for this rule:
Physical or mental incapacitation of the victim.
Minor status of the victim. Victim under the age of 18 has two years from the 18th birthday to file a personal injury claim.
The injury manifested itself a later time after the accident.
Compensation for Injuries Involved With Common Carriers in California
Victims suffered from the common carrier’s negligent conduct have a right to monetary recovery for all their losses, including:
All present and future medical expenses
Cost of rehabilitation
Pain and suffering
Lost wages
Loss or reduction of income
KAASSS LAW: Championing Passenger Safety:
At KAASS LAW, we're dedicated to protecting the rights of individuals injured due to the negligence of common carriers. We understand the complexities of this area of law and have a proven track record of success in representing clients in these cases. If you or a loved one has been injured while riding on a bus, train, plane, or any other form of common carrier, contact us today for a free consultation. We're here to fight for you and help you get back on track. Don't let negligence derail your life. Let KAASSS LAW be your guide.
Defendant willfully and intentionally published the information about the plaintiff.
The publication places the plaintiff in an offensive and false light.
The publication would be considered embarrassing or highly offensive to a reasonable person.
The publication was made with absolute disregard for the offensiveness of the content or its potential damage.
What Is Considered to Be Publication?
Publication doesn’t necessarily need to be an actual publication, such as online or in a newspaper. Usually, it involves making the matter public or communicating the matter to the public, which means more than a few people.
Differences Between False Light and Defamation
Defamation is making public statements about another person in written or oral form communicated to a third party.
False light involves creating a false impression about another person or publicly portraying him as something he is not.
Both defamation and false light require some falsity published to a third party. The main difference is that defamation is usually a false statement made about another person when false light is a misattribution of a person’s beliefs or actions.
Some courts interpret false light claims as damage to the person’s dignity or feelings, rather than the reputation. Thus, if the publication made about another person was highly offensive, but was actually true, then there won’t be a case of defamation but can be a case for false light.
The reason is that false light is mainly focusing on the emotional impact and struggles felt by the plaintiff due to the publication.
Statute of Limitations for Filing a False Light Claim in California
In California, a plaintiff has one year to file a lawsuit against the defendant for the false light invasion of privacy. This period starts running when the plaintiff knows or should have reasonably known about the defendant's unlawful actions.
Legal Remedies in a False Light Lawsuit
False light incidents can cause much damage to a person and typically the main legal remedy will be a monetary damages award. A monetary amount, in full payment, by the defendant to the plaintiff for compensating the losses he has experienced as a result of the false light incident. The damages may cover losses such as:
Lost wages
Loss of earning capacity
Pain and suffering
Impairment to the plaintiff’s standing in the community
Losses connected with shame, personal humiliation, or disgrace
Other monetary losses
A plaintiff can have a limit to a false light claim in case their extremely open about the publication, such as made no efforts to hide it and it was something commonly known with other people.
What to Do if You Believe You Are a Victim of False Light
If you believe you have been the victim of false light, it's crucial to seek legal advice as soon as possible. An experienced attorney at KAASS LAW can evaluate your case, explain your legal options, and help you pursue justice. We can investigate the circumstances surrounding the publication, gather evidence to support your claim, and negotiate with the defendant or represent you in court.
Contact KAASS LAW Today
At KAASS LAW, we dedicate in protecting our clients' rights and reputations. If you believe you have been the victim of false light in California, contact us today for a confidential consultation. We will carefully review your case and provide you with honest and straightforward legal advice. Additionally, we are quite familiar with filing a CA Tort Claims Act. Give us a call so we can assess and schedule a consultation for legal assistance!
Don't let a false portrayal damage your reputation any longer. Let KAASS LAW fight for you.