According California Penal Code Section 647(a) it is prohibited to engage or solicit another person to engage in lewd or dissolute conduct in any public place or in a place open to the public or exposed to the public view.
What Needs to Be Proved to be Found Guilty of Penal Code Section 647(a)?
To prove that the defendant is guilty of engaging in lewd conduct, a prosecutor must prove following elements:
Defendant intentionally engaged or solicited another person to engage in lewd or dissolute conduct (touching of own or another person's genitals, buttocks, or a female breast)
Defendant did so with the intent sexually to arouse or gratify himself or another person or to annoy or offend another person;
Defendant engaged in the conduct, in a public place or was in a place open to public view
When defendant was engaged in the conduct, someone else who might have been offended was present
Defendant knew or reasonably should have known that another person who might have been offended by his unlawful conduct was present.
Is it illegal to Engage in Sexual Activity in Public in California?
In California it is not illegal to engage in a sexual activity in public. It's only considered unlawful in case person knew or reasonably should have known of the presence of another one who was likely to be offended.
What is Considered as "Public" in Lewd Conduct Penal Code 647(a) Cases?
The term “public” is broadly interpreted in lewd conduct cases. It can be a place open to the public such as a vehicle parked by the road, a hallway in an apartment building, shopping malls, adult book stores, public bathrooms. Locations like home, hotel room, place of business are not considered public places. But there can still be a violation of Penal Code 647(a) in case a person can be seen through an open window or door with no blinds or curtains.
What are Legal Defenses to California Penal Code 647(a)?
Defendant didn't do anything lewd or dissolute
In case the defendant did not touch himself or another person in a way that can be considered as lewd or dissolute act then he is not considered guilty. The prosecutor has the burden of prove that the defendant was engaged in lewd conduct.
Defendant had a reasonable belief that no one was present
This crime requires that person intentionally expose himself in a public place where other people were in plain view or in an area where people usually gather. Unless defendant knew that someone would likely see him and be offended, he won’t be considered guilty Under Penal Code 647(a).
Conduct Was Not In A Public Place
In case the sexual activity took place on private property or an area where the public is not invited then it is not considered a lewd conduct.
Penalties for Lewd or Dissolute Conduct in Public Under Penal Code 647(a)
Under California PC Section 647(a) engaging in or soliciting another to engage in lewd conduct is a misdemeanor offense, and the penalties are the following:
Up to six months imprisonment in county jail and/or
Fine of up to $1,000.
However, judges usually place first time offenders on probation with little or no jail time. A misdemeanor conviction carries an informal or summary probation for three years. A conviction for lewd conduct in public does not require defendant to register as a sex offender.
Penal Code 647(a)Defense Lawyer
For answers to any other questions you may still have about California Penal Code 647(a) or to discuss your case confidentially with our team of experienced California criminal defense attorneys, give us a call at (310) 943-1171. Our lawyers in Glendale, Los Angeles County, CA, are highly dedicated to serving the needs of our clients.
HOAs otherwise known as Homeowners Association, will have its own HOA bylaws, rules and regulations, as outline in its Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions, or CC&Rs for short.
The CC&Rs act as the governing documents by which the HOA conducts its business, which is usually to ensure that the properties within the planned community have as high of a market value as possible. However, there are also bylaws to beware of, as there are some key differences between the HOA bylaws and the CC&Rs.
What is a CC&R?
To be clear, the CC&Rs serve as the legal binding document that outlines the guidelines for the planned community, as well as how all of the members within that community should conduct themselves.
CC&Rs are recorded and archived within the county records of whichever county the property is located. Basically, that’s all a really fancy way of saying that the CC&Rs are legally binding and getting out of it is extremely difficult since it gets recorded and reported to county officials. It also goes without saying that upon purchasing a home within a planned community, you automatically become a member of the homeowners’ association there, whether you like it or not.
California CC&Rs Restrictions and Laws
Put simply, the CC&Rs are the rules of your community. Those can include many differences protocols, regulations, and some of them can be very oddly specific (link here to the previous article).
One of the most frequently-charged drug crimes is possession of a controlled substance, under California Health and Safety Code 11350 Possession of a Controlled Substance. It is prohibited possessing certain controlled substances without a valid prescription. Controlled substance is a chemical or a drug whose possession, manufacture, and use are regulated by the United States "Controlled Substances Act".
Unlike Health and safety code 11365 which governs unlawful use of controlled substance, In order to being convicted of Health and Safety Code Section 11350 Possession of a Controlled Substance, the following elements must be established:
Defendant illegally possessed a controlled substance
Defendant was aware of its presence
Defendant was aware of the substance’s nature or character as a controlled substance
The controlled substance was in a usable amount.
What is Considered a "Controlled Substance" in California?
The rise of the app-based sharing economy has led to many insurance challenges. States like California have taken steps to protect consumers. From homesharing to ridesharing, the U.S. population is embracing the sharing economy. People frequently rent cars through platforms like Turo or use ridesharing services such as Uber and Lyft.
California Public Utilities Commission Regulating Ridesharing
California was the first state to regulate ridesharing services. It requires companies to obtain a license from the California Public Utilities Commission, provide a minimum of $1 million in insurance, conduct vehicle inspections, and offer driver training programs.
Liability Issues with Rental Sharing Economy Apps
When an accident occurs involving a vehicle rented through an app like Turo, liability issues may arise. California's AB 1871 bill specifically addresses liability for car-sharing. Under this law, Turo is considered the vehicle owner during the rental period. The law also prevents your insurance company from canceling your policy due to participation in car sharing.
Is Turo Liable for Insurance Purposes During the Rental Period?
The catch with purchasing a home or a condo in a co-op, planned unit development (PUD), or common interest development (CID) in California, is that you also automatically become a member of a homeowners’ association (HOA) club. The club, while exclusive, is not necessarily the kind of club you would want to be a part of just for the name or the bragging rights. This is because with your membership to an HOA, you automatically give up a lot of control over your own property. Clearly, if you are in the market to spend a lot of money on a new property, you probably want as many freedoms with it as you would expect, therefore, it is crucial you understand the ways that being a member of an HOA can limit those freedoms.
Who are The Board Members of Homeowners’ Association in California?
A homeowners’ association is comprised of members who own property within the subdivision. Most HOAs are operated by a board of directors, usually made up of a small group of volunteer homeowners.
CC&R Rules, Regulations, and Covenants
All members of the HOA must agree to abide by certain rules and regulations which are outlined in the covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs) section of the agreement.
California Penal Code Section 550(a) covers and defines healthcare fraud, which sometimes is also referred to as health insurance fraud and medical billing fraud. Healthcare fraud is submission of false claims or disinformation of healthcare insurers about care or services that may or may not have been provided. Penal Code Section 550(a) lists a range of unlawful conduct and here are some examples that could lead to California health care fraud charges:
Presenting fraudulent or false claim for the payment of an injury or loss
Presenting several claims for the same injury or loss
Participating in a vehicular collision or any other accident, for the purpose of presenting fraudulent or false claim.
Presenting a fraudulent or false claim for the payments of a loss for destruction, damage, theft
Causing a fraudulent or false claim for payment of a health care benefit.
What is Required to Convict a Person of Healthcare Fraud Penal Code 550(a)?
Under California Penal Code 186.10 money laundering is a financial crime referring to transactions intended to promote or facilitate criminal activities, or transactions knowingly made with proceeds from criminal activity.
To prove money laundering under Penal Code 186.10 the prosecutor must prove the following elements:
Defendant conducted or attempted to conduct a financial transactions or a series of transactions through a financial institution.
The total sum of transactions was more than $5,000 in a seven day period or more than $25,000 in a 30 day period.
Defendant made the transaction with intent to promote criminal activity or he knew that the money involved were from the proceeds of criminal activity.
What Qualify as "Transactions" in Money Laundering Cases?
Money laundering is the act of using stolen funds to conduct a transaction through a bank or some other financial institution. California law lists the types of activities which can qualify as transactions, those are: withdrawals, bank deposits, wire transfers, fund transfers, payments, and other financial activities. Attempts to conduct business can also qualify as money laundering even if the transaction isn’t finished. In case the funds are used for making purchase or for any other reason, they won’t be considered to have been laundered under California law.
California civil litigation proceedings help resolve private conflicts between people, businesses, and/or the government in Government Tort Claims actions. Litigation is one of the most fundamental aspects of law. It refers to the formal process of resolving legal disputes by filing or responding to complaints through the public court system.
Litigation Lawyers and Legal Processes
What most people tend to think of when they think about lawyers and courts is typically not very representative of what actually goes on. The classic Law and Order portrayal of law in Hollywood, albeit very immersive and dramatic, does not give a realistic overview of what the legal process entails, or how one goes about it.
California Litigation Process
A much more reasoned approach to understanding how the legal process works, would be to simply take a look at the process of taking legal action, or litigation. In any case, the process begins when someone files suit. Typically, the plaintiff begins this process when they file a formal complaint with the clerk of the court. At this point, the defendant must be notified that a lawsuit was filed against them, so as to give them the proper notice before a court date. The defendant must then figure out their strategy to deal with the lawsuit and so usually a lawyer or firm gets hired on to help with legal counsel and representation. Then, the court establishes personal jurisdiction and a location is finalized for the court that will have authority over the complaint.
Cybersecurity has never been as important as it is today for safeguarding crucial information. This includes information that can easily be used to identify and to compromise the personal details of our lives. Everything from bank account and transactional details to personal milestones, memories and life events are all available to access online. All of these trends are natural consequences of our increasing reliance on the internet and online activities. The sheer amount of personal data that can be retrieved online is staggering...which then begs the question: who or what is protecting all of it?
Does Online Security Exist?
While an easy answer to the question of online security simply does not exist, we can determine the security protocols of many of the online services we use by doing some quick research. The main things to look out for are their terms of use and their privacy policy. These two together are what constitute the core ethos of the company with regards to their users’ privacy and the lengths they are willing to go through to protect it. Outside of that, it’s all about being conscious of what services you use and what information you give up in order to use it. However, despite being careful, there’s no much you can do if the service itself gets breached. In those cases, it’s all about how the company responds to and deals with online attacks.
Turo third-party auto liability insurance is purchased through Turo and includes coverage for renters/guests under a third-party automobile liability insurance policy purchased from Liberty Surplus Lines, a Liberty Mutual Group company Said Liberty Mutual Policy provides guests with insurance coverage while they are driving the rented vehicle during the booked trip. The following covers information regarding Turo's California peer-to-peer car rental insurance coverage.
Turo's Insurance Coverage for Bodily Injury and Property Damage to Third Parties
According to the Turo website, Turo's insurance coverage for bodily injury and property damage to 3rd parties is as follows:
Bodily injury and property damage to third parties:
The Liberty Mutual Policy insures guests against liability to third-parties for bodily injury and property damage resulting from the use of the booked vehicle during the booked trip, up to the minimum liability coverage required by state law. This coverage cannot be declined. Note, however, that it does not apply to vehicles that are booked on Turo from a Commercial Host.
For example, the CC&Rs may say that you need to keep your garage door shut or they might forbid you from painting your house a certain color. Basically, the CC&Rs tell you what you can and cannot do with your property because it is in a planned community.
Other things that CC&Rs frequently regulate include:
Basketball hoops
Fences or hedges
Garbage cans or disposals
TV antennas/satellite dishes
Clotheslines
Where you can park
And much, much more…
California Homeowner's Association Penalty Fees
As you can see, there are lots of things to watch out for in a CC&Rs since they can be so particular about what is and is not allowed. If you don’t heed the rules set forth by the CC&Rs, then the homeowners’ association can fine you penalty fees and potentially even force you to give up the house for frequent violations.
By The Way... Bylaws are Different
So, now that we have gone over what CC&Rs are... It’s time to tackle the other elephant in the room: HOA Bylaws. To do that, we have to first understand what an HOA is and how it is set up. A homeowners’ association is almost always established as a nonprofit corporation so that they can spearhead and manage private, planned communities.
Just as with other corporations, an HOA must be governed by a board of directors whom the members elect and a set of rules called bylaws must be written into effect.
What are HOA Bylaws?
The bylaws state how the HOA conducts its operations and business and they contain all of the information and details necessary to run the HOA as a business. Therefore, just like other businesses and corporations, HOA bylaws discuss matters like:
When, where, and how often the HOA holds its meetings
How the meetings are organized and carried out
The duties and responsibilities of the offices of the board of directors
How many people and positions are available on the board
Members’ voting rights and how votes are conducted
As you can see, the HOA is filled with bureaucracy and much of its internal processes are very boring and time consuming. Of course, because it needs to be run by the people who are its members, that means that your neighbors within the planned community are all going to be present at these proceedings and meetings.
This can amount to quite a lot of neighborhood drama if people disagree upon which rules or laws to set or remove from the bylaws or CC&Rs. Therefore, as a minimum level of precaution we warn and strongly advise all of our clients who are considering purchasing a home in an HOA community to take some time and to familiarize themselves with both the CC&Rs as well as the bylaws of the HOA so that you can be aware of any neighborhood restrictions and prohibitions.
California HOA Lawyer
Contact our California homeowner association lawyer if you have a dispute with your HOA, HOA insurance claims, HOA penalty, adverse action taken against you by HOA for failing to follow California Homeowners’ Associations and CC&Rs, or any other HOA related matter.
We break down the details to you very clearly so you do not fall into a costly trap later and we can also help you fight some of the ridiculously restrictive rules and regulations of some CC&Rs. If you have any questions or concerns surrounding homeowners’ associations and the covenants, conditions and restrictions that they may come with, we highly encourage you to give us a toll free call at (310) 943-1171 to speak to our California homeowner association lawyers today.
According to California Health and Safety Code a "controlled substance" can include a wide range of drugs, including, but not limited to stimulants, hallucinogens, depressants, opiates, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, PCP.
Three Types of Controlled Substance Possession in California
There are three types of controlled substance possession: actual possession, constructive possession and joint possession. Actual possession of a controlled substance means having drugs on person with immediate or direct physical control over it. Constructive possession means not having drugs on person but having the authority to control the possession of drugs. This means that the defendant does not need to be caught with drugs in his direct possession in order to be charged under HS 11350(a). Having joint possession means sharing actual or constructive possession with at least one other person.
What Are the Legal Defenses for H&S Code 11350
Defendant Held a Valid Prescription
The defendant is excused from violation of Health and Safety Code 11350 as long as he held valid prescription for the drug and the possession was consistent with the purpose of the prescription. A legal written prescription is given form physician, dentist, podiatrist, or veterinarian licensed to practice in state. This defense won’t apply if the defendant possessed a fraudulent prescription for the drug or was found in possession of more drugs than was prescribed.
Defendant Had Temporary Possession of the Controlled Substance
Temporary possession will serve as a legal defense in case the defendant possessed the drugs with the aim to dispose or destroy them for terminating its unlawful possession. This defense won’t absolve the defendant from criminal culpability in case he exercise control over the drug but willingly dispose it.
Defendant Didn’t Possess the Controlled Substance Defense
Health & Safety Code section 11350 specifically punishes for the possession of something illegal. Therefore, in case the defendant did not actually or constructively possess the controlled substance then he can't be committed in violation under the essence of this law.
Lack of Knowledge Defense
According to Health & Safety Code section 11350 the defendant must be aware of the presence of controlled substance and knew its nature or character as a controlled substance. Therefore, knowledge is an essential part of this crime. In case the defendant wasn’t aware that the possessed drugs were illegal, he must be acquitted of illegal possession
Penalties for Health and Safety Code 11350 Conviction
Possession of controlled substances under Health and Safety Code 11350 is misdemeanor. Penalties for conviction are the following:
Up to one in county jail, and/or
Fine of up to one thousand dollars
If the defendant has prior convictions for especially serious felonies, gross vehicular manslaughter while intoxicated, sex crimes against a child under 14, or sexually violent offenses he will face felony penalties such as sixteen months, two or three 3years in prison. Additionally, in case the defendant is not a citizen of the United States, a conviction for possession of illegal drugs can lead to deportation, denial of reentry and denial of naturalization.
H&S 11350 Defense Lawyer
For answers to any other questions you may still have about California Health and Safety Code 11350, about being present while controlled substances are used, or to discuss your case confidentially with our team of experienced California criminal defense attorneys, give us a call at (310) 943-1171. Our lawyers in Glendale, Los Angeles County, CA, are highly dedicated to serving the needs of our clients.
The AB 1871 bill makes Turo liable for insurance instead of your personal coverage. Once the $1M insurance limit is exceeded, Turo becomes responsible. Turo must also indemnify you in any civil action, replacing your personal insurance unless the incident results from willful negligence. Turo’s Third-Party Automobile Liability Insurance includes property damage claims and Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist (UIM/UM) coverage.
California Turo Car Rental Accident Lawyer
If you’re involved in a peer-to-peer car rental accident in California, contact our experienced Turo car rental accident lawyer. Our attorneys have extensive experience securing significant settlements from insurance companies known for denying claims. We’ll thoroughly review your case to gather the necessary evidence. To schedule a free consultation, call KAASS LAW at (310) 943-1171 or contact us via our online appointment form.
These CC&Rs limit the freedoms of individual homeowners’ by putting executive and decision-making rights into the clutches of the homeowners’ association at large. In doing this, the agreement serves as a legally binding document that allows others within the community to make decisions about what you can and cannot do with your property on your behalf.
How Bad Can Homeowners Associations Really Be?
Okay, so far, the whole things sounds awful, right? Well, the thing is there is not really much good that comes out of homeowners’ associations for most people: some associations fancy themselves neighborhood officers and enforce every rule with the same zeal that a cop might have for giving someone a ticket on their morning commute to work, whereas others are far more chilled out and do not really bother to interfere with their members’ lives.
Homeowners Association Regulations on Planned Unit Development Community
As a general rule of thumb, most homeowners’ associations will always want to make decisions that serve to improve the value of the houses in the community. While that may sound like a very noble intention, it often means that the association gets the ability to dictate very constrictive regulations on the entire community living there.
Are CC&R's Legally Binding?
Since these agreements and their CC&Rs that come with them are legally binding, you will absolutely want to be sure that you have read up on the details of the agreement. Otherwise, you might end up purchasing a property where the CC&Rs are incompatible with your lifestyle. For instance, many CC&Rs outright prohibit you from painting your house certain colors, specify which colors of curtains or blind are acceptable if they are visible from the street, and even detail what kinds of front yard landscaping or pruning you can do. Honestly, there is virtually no limit to how weirdly specific the rules in CC&Rs in an HOA can get. Some common examples that they can restrict or regulate include:
Shingles and exterior paint color
Trees, lawns, and weeds
Adding or modifying rooms in your house
Swimming pools and jacuzzi construction
Fences and hedges
Garages and sheds
Outdoor lights and satellite dishes
Pets (size and breed)
Noises and obstructions
Windows and wreaths
Bathroom Remodeling
As such, it is always in your best interest to read your the provisions outlined in your CC&R's thoroughly and carefully.
Getting Out of HOA and CC&Rs **Fees Apply
Another negative aspect of homeowners’ associations is that once you own property within the community, getting any help or relief from overbearing restrictive CC&Rs is extremely difficult. Most likely, you will have to submit a detailed application with a hefty fee for a variance, ask for your neighbors’ express permissions, and maybe even attend formal hearings and proceedings to see what is decided about your case. The bureaucratic processes only worsen if you want to make any structural changes to your house, like adding a room or building a fence. In those cases, you will most likely have to receive formal permission from the association, in addition to complying with city zoning laws.
Homeowners’ Association Common Property or Common Property Areas
The last straw for most prospective buyers is the fact that homeowners’ associations almost always require members to pay fees on a monthly basis, which can feel an awful lot like paying for rent on top of your mortgage.
What are HOA Fees Used For?
These fees are to cover costs for ‘common property’ maintenance such as pools, golf courses, gardens, walkways, and other facilities. Sometimes, the fees can run as high as hundreds of extra dollars a month. Worse still, lots of homeowners’ associations give their boards permission to raise the costs by up to 20% per year as well as imposing new taxes and fees into the final cost without even requiring a membership vote.
Liability of an HOA Board Member
When a HOA fails to maintain that common areas, misuses HOA funds, the HOA may be in breach of their fiduciary duties of HOA Board Members. An HOA board member is typically only personally liable in these lawsuits if the member breached his or her fiduciary duty to the HOA. Often times in HOA can find themselves liable during homeowners insurance claim disputes amongst neighbors which generally result in a lengthy litigation battle.
The Bottom Line–Our Two Cents on Homeowners Association
If you are worried about any of the restrictions we mentioned earlier, or if you have concerns that homeowners’ association fees may get out of hand, you should definitely refrain from purchasing a property that requires you to become a member of an HOA. Make sure you do your research thoroughly about the exact terms and conditions that the property entails, because most times the sales agents for units within a community will not ever warn you of these restrictions. They do a great job of selling you the property–and a poor job of telling you about the baggage and the bureaucracy the property comes with.
California Homeowner Association Lawyers
At KAASS LAW, our California homeowner association lawyers believe that your home is a sacred place and running into problems with your HOA and insurance claims can be a frightening and overwhelming experience. Making the move to own instead of renting is a huge stride toward future financial success for anyone, and we want that process to be as rewarding and stress-free as it can be for our clients. We break down the details to you very clearly so you do not fall into a costly trap later and we can also help you fight some of the ridiculously restrictive rules and regulations of some CC&Rs. If you have any questions or concerns surrounding homeowners’ associations and the covenants, conditions and restrictions that they may come with, we highly encourage you to give us a toll free call at (310) 943-1171 to speak to our California homeowner association lawyers today.
To convict a person in health care fraud, the prosecutor has to do prove his engagement in one of the unlawful behaviors described in Penal Code Section 550(a) and also two additional elements of the crime.
Defendant knew that the claim was fraudulent or false
Defendant intended to defraud the medical insurance program or insurance company
These types of crimes are usually committed by health care providers including chiropractors, physical therapists, nurses, nurse practitioners, dentists, and administrators. If convicted of health care fraud, professional licenses can be suspended or revoked.
Penalties for Penal Code Section 550(a)
In California penalties for health care fraud depend on the amount of the fraudulent claim. Health care fraud claims of $950 or less. In case the claim is $950 or less then the health care fraud is a misdemeanor.
Penalties for a Misdemeanor Medical Fraud Conviction
Penalties for misdemeanor medical and or health care fraud depend on the amount of the fraudulent claim, but may include the following:
a fine of up to one thousand dollars and/or
up to six months in a county jail.
Health Care Fraud Claims for More than $950
In case the fraud was more than $950, then the crime of health care fraud is considered a wobbler. The defendant can be charged with either a misdemeanor or a felony conviction. Penalties for a misdemeanor conviction are:
up to one (1) year in county jail, and/or
a fine of up to $10,000
Penalties for a Felony Medical Fraud Conviction
Penalties for felony medical and or health care fraud include the following:
Probation with up to one year county jail,
Two, three, or five years in county jail and/or
Fine up to $50,000 or double the amount of the fraud whichever is larger
In case the charges involve more than one claim, then the key question is whether all the claims add up to more than $950 in twelve months period.
California Medical Fraud Defense Lawyer
Hire the most dedicated California medical fraud defense lawyer to help defend and fight your Penal Code 186.10 charges. Our attorneys at KAASS LAW are highly dedicated to help our clients in every way possible. You can rely on our experienced lawyers in Glendale, Los Angeles, California, to carefully analyze the facts of your case to prove the facts necessary. We back all of our clients and we invite you to give us a toll free call at (310) 943-1171 to speak to our experienced Glendale criminal battery attorney today. Get in touch with us at KAASS LAW, 815 E Colorado St #220, Glendale, CA 91205, (310) 943-1171 at any time.
California Health & Safety 11370.9 Money Earned From Drug Crimes
In California there are two specific laws that relate to money laundering: California Penal Code Section 186.10 and California Health and Safety Code Section 11370.9. Penal Code Section 186.10 deals with money that is related to any type of criminal activity, California Health & Safety Code covers money earned from drug crimes.
Health & Safety Code Section 11370.9
In order to be convicted of Health & Safety Code Section 11370.9 money laundering in connection with drug crimes, the prosecutor needs to prove the following elements:
Defendant received, acquired, or engaged in a transaction involving money or property that he knew was derived from a controlled substances offense, such as selling or transportation of a controlled substance;
Defendant committed the money laundering transaction with intent to conceal the illegal source of money;
The total amount of laundered money was more than $25,000 in a thirty day period.
Criminal Charges for Money Laundering of Drug Proceeds
In contrast Health & Safety Code doesn’t require the money to pass through a bank or other financial institution. A person can be charged with money laundering of drug proceeds even if the money was never converted from cash.
Penalties for Money Laundering in California Misdemeanor
In California law both forms of money laundering are considered wobblers. Penalties for misdemeanor money laundering include:
Up to one year in county jail; and/or
Fine of up to one thousand dollars
Penalties for Felony Money Laundering Penal Code 186.10 Charges
Penalties for felony money laundering under Penal Code 186.10 include:
Sentence of sixteen months, two or three years in county jail; and/or (the sentence increases in case the amount of money laundered is more than $50,000)
Fine of up to $250,000 or twice the amount of money laundered (the fine increases if is not the first conviction for money laundering)
Penalties for Felony Health & Safety Code 11370.9 Charges
Penalties for felony Health & Safety Code 11370.9 criminal charges include:
Two, three, or four, years in state prison; and/or
Hire the most dedicated California money laundering defense lawyer to help defend and fight your Penal Code 186.10 charges. Our attorneys at KAASS LAW are highly dedicated to help our clients in every way possible. You can rely on our experienced lawyers in Glendale, Los Angeles, California, to carefully analyze the facts of your case to prove the facts necessary. We back all of our clients and we invite you to give us a toll free call at (310) 943-1171 to speak to our experienced Glendale criminal battery attorney today. Get in touch with us at KAASS LAW, 815 E Colorado St #220, Glendale, CA 91205, (310) 943-1171 at any time.
Bear in mind that most of this process is heavily bureaucratic and involves many back and forth between the two parties. To avoid some of the confusion, both parties must meet and discuss with each other the nature of the case. This is done to determine specific issues, points of disagreement, to broach the possibility of settlement, and to start making plans for discovery and disclosure. In fact, depending on the case, discovery and disclosure can very easily end up taking up a huge chunk of time because during this period, both parties must disclosure to one another the various pieces of information they are planning on submitting and using as evidence in court. If the case ends up having many different pieces of evidence, then the discovery and disclosure period will be very lengthy, and yet also very important too.
Evidence, Litigation, and Strategy
This period is one of the few in which both parties must be completely open and honest with one another, and therefore it marks an excellent opportunity for a good lawyer to get enough insight as to how the opposing side is going to approach the conflict. By seeing the evidence that the opposition plans to use against you, you can formulate a general picture of their plan so that you can begin countering it with yours. As such, this step in the legal litigation process is absolutely crucial for both sides.
California Pre-Trial Conference
Once both sides have had their turn to see the other side’s evidence, the court will move to schedule an early pretrial conference. There, at the pretrial conference, both sides meet in a courtroom in front of a judge, who facilitates a discussion of the issues of the case. This discussion is important to have because some cases are not suited to go on trial since there may be a lack of material issue of dispute or disagreement between the parties. Other cases are just simply ambiguous and some clarification is needed for the judge to determine what the key problems are and whether or not those issues can be resolved through trial. As such, the judge will ask questions to both sides so as to clarify the actual points of contention for each party.
Litigation, Motions, and Discovery
After that, the defendant has the ability to file motions and answers, the first of which aims to dismiss or otherwise discredit the plaintiff’s accusations and the latter of which acts as a response to the initial complaint made by the plaintiff. Either way, these motions can be absolutely crucial to the success of the defendant in court because they can make huge strides by eliminating several avenues of argumentation that the plaintiff or prosecutor may use in court. Past this period, both parties once again disclose documentation and the discovery process moves forward; both parties now have another opportunity to file for more motions and finally the court will hold one last pre-trial conference. After all of that has been said and done, the court conducts the trial.
California Civil Trial Proceedings
During the trial is when most, if not all, of the action that you see on TV actually takes place. As you can see, there is a lot more to the story that happens leading up to the day of trial and even during the trial the proceedings take place in an organized manner. At the end of the trial, the court decides upon and files its judgment. Once this takes place, post-trial proceedings, such as appeals, can be made. If either party chooses to appeal, they have another opportunity to present their case, which may or may not sway the final decision. Appeals are considered on the basis of briefs or oral arguments which to serve to demonstrate why the judgment that was rendered was unjust or inadequate, as well as to propose another judgment that the court can implement instead.
End of Trial and Final Judgement Verdict Rendered
Finally, the last ruling or verdict is made, which is typically by a jury, and judgment is enforced. This means that whatever the court decides must get carried out and at this point the litigation process finally concludes. This coverage and overview of the litigation process aims to illuminate the various steps, proceedings, and protocols that go into the work that gets put into any given lawsuit case. Folks who work in the legal world all must understand and abide by the legal process and as such litigation is the cornerstone of how our society enforces laws and renders justice. At
California Civil Litigation Lawyers
KAASS LAW's civil litigation lawyers are well-aware have litigated and tried numerous cases in various areas of law. We believe that going the extra mile to educate and raise awareness will always pay dividends in the end. As such, we are always available to answer and to clarify any questions or concerns our clients may have regarding their case, and it is also why we do pro bono work. If you have any questions concerning a legal matter, feel free to reach out to us at (310) 943-1171 to speak to our experienced litigators today. We will give you the insight, confidence, and security you need to win your case.
Unencrypted Personal Information Acquired By Unauthorized Persons
As far as how companies must respond to security breaches, there are laws in place which require them to disclose what happened if the compromised information can jeopardize clients’ personal information and private matters. Specifically, the California data security breach notification law was enacted in 2002 and has been in effect ever since and it requires that companies notify California residents whose unencrypted information was acquired by any unauthorized person. The law is extensive in that it still requires that you be notified even if the information was leaked or hacked. This means that even if a company is not one hundred percent sure if your information was breached, they do still have to notify you so long as there is a reasonable doubt.
California Civil Law Code 1798.82
California’s civil law code 1798.82, while originally enacted only in California, most states have since followed suit by enacting similar laws. In fact, the California data security breach notification law was quite novel and progressive for its time as it deals with issues of cybersecurity and online privacy at a time when those areas were nowhere near as well-developed and intensive as they are today. The intent of this law is simply to ensure that the public remains aware of any successful cybersecurity attacks and to keep companies accountable for their security protocols and measures.
Cyber Security and Online Encryption
Since this groundbreaking law came into effective, there have been many more laws like it added in an effort to stay ahead of the security curve. The importance of strong, online encryption really cannot be understated and it was laws like these that jump started the movement.
At KAASS LAW, we believe your personal information is yours, only. If you have any doubts as to whether or not your personal data was breached, or if you have any questions about what can be done about it, then we encourage you to give us a toll free call at (310) 943-1171 to speak to our California privacy attorneys today. We can walk you through your options and we will always stand by our clients and their security.
If the renter of the vehicle selects the Supreme or Premium plan, the limits of the coverage provided under the Liberty Mutual Policy are increased to a combined single limit of $1,000,000.
Turo's Uninsured or Underinsured Motorist (“UM/UIM") Insurance Coverage
According to the Turo website, Turo's insurance uninsured or underinsured Motorist (“UM/UIM") insurance coverage is as follows:
The Liberty Mutual Policy includes the statutory minimum amount of UM/UIM coverage in those few states where UM/UIM coverage is required by law and cannot be waived.
UM/UIM coverage, when available, protects guests and passengers from losses resulting from bodily injury caused by an uninsured driver, hit and run driver, a driver whose limits of liability have been exhausted, or a driver whose insurer is insolvent while in the booked vehicle during the booked trip.
Turo has either waived this coverage entirely or subscribed to the lowest limit allowable by state law. Hosts and guests are bound by Turo’s election and, in addition, agree to be bound by that election pursuant to the Terms of Service.
Physical Damage to Shared Vehicle Using Turo
Protection plans made available by Turo also address the renters liability for any damage to the booked vehicle which may occur during the booked trip.
Turo Renters Responsible for Physical Damages of Booked Vehicle
The person who rents out a car using Turo is responsible to return the booked vehicle on time and in the same condition as when they first received it. The renter is held financially responsible for all physical damage to the booked vehicle, as well as related costs, if any. If, for instance, there is physical damage to the booked vehicle during the period of the booked trip, the renter will be legally liable for the costs of repair, plus related costs, if any. If there is physical damage to the rented vehicle and the cost of repair exceeds 75% of the actual cash value of the vehicle, the renter will be legally liable for the actual cash value of the booked vehicle, plus related costs, minus the salvage value, if any.
Los Angeles Turo Accident and Insurance Lawyer
If you were involved in an peer-to-peer sharing auto accident in California we invite you to hire our dedicated Los Angeles Turo accident and insurance lawyer today. Our skilled accident attorneys leverage their considerable experience into obtaining significant settlements from insurance companies who are known for being reluctant to pay out on claims. You can rely on our experienced lawyer to carefully analyze the facts of your case to prove the facts necessary. To schedule a free consultation with one of our peer-to-peer sharing app lawyers, call Kaass law today at (310) 943-1171 or send us an email through our online appointment form.