Stay updated with the latest legal news, expert analysis, and firm updates from KAASS LAW.
Whether you're facing a legal challenge or seeking proactive counsel, our award-winning team is ready to defend your interests.
According to California Vehicle Code Section 10853 it is unlawful for any person to intentionally deface damage or destroy the personal property of another. The law applies both to vehicles and items attached to vehicles, as mirrors, hood ornaments and license plates.
For a defendant to be convicted of Vehicle Code 10853 malicious mischief to a vehicle the prosecutor must prove the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
Malicious mischief is type of a non-violent crime, which doesn’t involve injury to a victim or use of force and fear; instead it involves some type of property damage or economic loss to a victim. Malicious mischief of a vehicle occurs when someone damages another person’s property regardless the amount of damage. The value of the damage can be significant or minor, but the key issue in the crime is the damaging of the property. Malicious mischief does not involve taking a vehicle, but only defacing, destroying or otherwise damaging it without the owner's consent.
Common defenses to California Vehicle Code 10853 Malicious Mischief to a Vehicle include the following:
Defendant didn’t have an intent to deface, damage or destroy
Person must have a clear intent to damage, deface or destroy another person's vehicle. In case he did so accidently and without specific intent he can’t be criminally liable under California Vehicle Code Section 10853.
Wrong person has been arrested
People usually commit malicious mischief to a vehicle at night and do it very quickly. So it becomes really hard for eyewitnesses to recognize the person who has committed the crime and this can lead to false arrests.
According to Vehicle Code Section 10853 malicious mischief to a vehicle is a misdemeanor level offense. The penalties for this crime are the following:
In addition to all penalties the conviction can lead to significant consequences for the defendant. The conviction is visible to landlords, employers and anyone else who conduct a criminal background searches.
The following crimes are related to malicious mischief to a vehicle.
Our Glendale criminal defense lawyers experienced with malicious mischief to a vehicle charges are here to answer any questions If you or a loved one has been charged with malicious mischief to a vehicle and you would like to discuss your case confidentially with one of our criminal defense lawyers at (310) 943-1171.
Under California Welfare and Institutions Code Section 10980 welfare fraud is an act of unlawfully obtaining welfare benefits from the government by intentionally submitting false information or withholding relevant information or.
According to California W&I Code 10980, defendant can commit welfare fraud in different forms, including:
Generally California welfare fraud can be classed to two main types: recipient welfare fraud or internal fraud.
California Penal Code Section 332, gaming fraud or gambling fraud is obtaining another person’s money or property through use of any game, device, sleight of hand, pretensions to fortune telling, trick or any instrument. Gaming or gambling fraud falls under and is considered as theft crime in California.
The California Penal Code, under section 332 establishes the elements that the prosecution must prove to a conviction someone of this crime, the main requirements are the following:
Prosecution must prove the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt for convicting a person of fraudulent gaming:
California safety requirements for the construction of stairways, ramps, stair rails which is governed by the California Code of Regulations.
There are several guidelines regarding the construction of stairwells and stairs in the California Code of Regulations, (Chapter 4. Division of Industrial Safety, Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders) Article 17 on Ramps, Runways, Stairwells, and Stairs. In this blog, we will simplify the regulations listed by Cal/OSHA, so that you can ensure that your property abides with all safety requirements. When stairways, ramps, stairwells and so forth are not constructed accordingly, an injured party maybe file a premises liability claim against the property owner for damages suffered. Therefore, ensuring your property is up to California safety standards is vital.
Before moving on to the specifics of stairways used during construction and stair rails/hand rails, a general guideline for all stairways requires them to be, at least 24 inches in width and fortified with stair rails, handrails, treads, and landings. In addition, all railings and toe boards should meet the requirements listed in Article 16 of the California Code of Regulations. Article 16 describes all safety measures for design and construction of railings and toe boards (§1620, §1621).
Any individual who commits a crime under the age of 18 is subject to the juvenile justice system in California. The purpose of juvenile courts is to educate, rehabilitate and counsel minors, whereas adult criminal courts focus on punishing people for crimes they have committed.
A juvenile can be arrested for violating a criminal statute or committing a status offense, such as truancy, curfew violations, running away and incorrigibility.
After the arrest of a juvenile, the police officers may choose one of the following actions:
Juvenile hall is operated by the probation department, and like a police officer a probation officer can choose to:
California Penal Code 135 makes it is illegal to willfully and knowingly destroy or conceal any form of evidence that is to be used in a trial or government investigation.
Destroying evidence is prohibited in both civil and criminal cases, including contract dispute litigation or divorce. As noted above this charge applies to evidence which is used in trial or government investigation.
In order for a defendant to be convicted of Penal Code 135 PC destroying or concealing evidence the prosecutor must be able to prove the following elements:
According to California Penal Code Section 459, auto burglary is breaking into a locked automobile or any other vehicle or its trunk with intent to steal the vehicle, steal property from the vehicle or commit a felony inside it.
In case a person is facing auto burglary charges, he/she can also face criminal charges of grand theft auto, petty theft or a felony offense.
The prosecution must prove the following element for convicting a person in auto burglary:
According to California Vehicle Code Section 670, a vehicle is defined as a device by which any person or property may be propelled, moved, or drawn upon a highway, except a device moved exclusively by human power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks.
California Penal Code Section 261 defines the crime of "rape" as sexual intercourse that is nonconsensual, because it’s achieved by means of threat, force or fraud threats. The following facts must be established in order to prove that the defendant is guilty of rape:
Sexual intercourse for rape purposes is any penetration regardless of how slight it’s. The sexual intercourse can be either against the person's will, or without that person's consent. In the case of rape intercourse is defined very broadly. Even if the defendant initiated sexual act with someone against their will and after that regretted and terminated the act that still considers as rape.
California Penal Code Section 240 (PC 240) defines assault as an attempt to commit a violent injury on someone else.
Assault is usually discussed in connection with the battery, though they are two different offenses. Penal Code 242 battery is different from an assault as it requires that the defendant actually use force or violence against someone else.
To be convicted of assault the prosecution must prove the following elements:
Application of force is any harmful or offensive touching. The touching doesn’t need to cause an injury or to be done directly. The slightest touching will be considered enough if it is done in a rude or offensive manner.
Receiving stolen property is charged under California Penal Code Section 496(a) making it a crime to buy, receive, conceal or sell the property knowing it was stolen or obtained by extortion. Additionally, it is also illegal to aid another person in concealing or withholding the property knowing it was unlawfully obtained.
The elements the prosecution must prove to convict defendant for receiving stolen property under California Penal Code Section 496(a) include the following:
Under California Penal Code Section 496, “receiving” property means acquiring possession and control of the property. For purposes of Penal Code, more than one person can have possession of the stolen property. “Receiving” property doesn’t require physical possession over it; having control of the property even it is not in your immediate possession is enough.
Recipient fraud involves any attempt to receive, secure, retain, or increase a benefit by means of submitting wrongful, incomplete or misleading information. Recipient fraud examples include:
Internal fraud is committed by an employee of a government welfare agency. This occurs when the workers are unlawfully disbursing welfare benefits to themselves, their family members or friends.
Prosecuting agencies in California receive welfare fraud cases from different sources, as public hotlines and websites, local agencies and any other agencies that suspect welfare fraud. Welfare fraud investigations start from gathering evidence and information in welfare fraud cases, including:
The investigator presents relevant information to a deputy district attorney who will determine whether a criminal filing is appropriate or not. District attorney can do one of the following:
According to California WIC Section 10980, welfare fraud is a wobbler and can either be filed as a misdemeanor or felony crime and the type of charges depend of the value of benefits defendant’s criminal history.
In case the defendant made false or misleading statement for obtaining benefits, he will face:
Defendant will be convicted for feeling fraudulent application in case:
Fraudulent application can be charged as a misdemeanor or felony offense. Penalties for felony Welfare and Institutions Code 10980 conviction include:
Penalties for misdemeanor Welfare and Institutions Code 10980 conviction are the following:
In case the total value of the benefit is $950 or less obtaining or retaining fraudulent benefits is a misdemeanor, and is punishable by:
In case the total value of the benefit was more than $950, the defendant will face felony, punishable by:
Selling, buying, or misusing food stamps is a misdemeanor in case the amount involved was $950 or less, punishable by
In case the value is more than $950 the defendant will face felony, punishable by
People convicted of welfare fraud may lose their professional license, job, become disqualified to receive future welfare benefits.
Our California welfare fraud defense lawyers are here to answer any questions If you or a loved one has been charged with Welfare and Institutions Code 10980 and you would like to discuss your case confidentially with one of our criminal defense lawyers at (310) 943-1171.
Acting fraudulently means acting dishonestly and with bad faith, as cheating, misleading and otherwise gaining an unfair advantage for the victim. In case a person won in a game, without playing tricks he can’t be guilty of game fraud. Defendant must be involved in a game where the victim doesn’t have a chance to win as a result of the game. An important element of the legal definition of gaming/gambling fraud is that the defendant must win money or property from the victim.
California Penal Code Section 332 acknowledges that games do not always include cash, or other tangible property. Property for purposes of Section 332 includes chips, markers, tokens, or anything else which has a monetary value.
Common legal defenses to California Penal Code 332 include the following:
Prosecution shall be able to prove is that the defendant had a specific intent to defraud the victim. In case the defendant lacks of fraudulent intent, he can’t be found guilty of this offenses.
If the offense was through the fortune telling or any other similar activity then a first amendment defense can be used, and the defendant can argue that he was exercising his right to free speech. Though, there can be circumstances when fortune tellers can be criminally liable under this statute in case their conduct goes beyond entertainment and actually involves fraud.
Potential penalties for California Penal Code 332 gaming or gambling fraud depend on the monetary value of the property that the defendant obtained from the victim. If the money or the total value of the stolen property is $950 or less the gaming/gambling fraud can only be charged as a misdemeanor. In case the total value of the property is more than $950 then the fraud is treated as a wobbler and can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony.
Potential penalties for misdemeanor Penal Code 332 gaming or gambling fraud conviction in California include the following:
Potential penalties for felony Penal Code 332 gaming or gambling fraud conviction in California include the following:
Our California gambling defense lawyers are here to answer any questions If you or a loved one has been charged with Penal Code 332 PC gaming or gambling fraud and you would like to discuss your case confidentially with one of our California criminal defense attorneys, do not hesitate to contact our criminal defense lawyers at (310) 943-1171.
According to the California Code of Regulations, the requirements for the design of stairways used during construction are as specified:
The following general requirements by the California Code of Regulations apply to all stair rails and hand rails:
The California Code of Regulations also describes the temporary service of stairways. The following are to be monitored at all times, except during stairway construction.
If you have any questions regarding proper safety measures on the construction of stairwells and stairs, abiding with the California Code of Regulations, please do not hesitate to contact one of our very skilled, dedicated, and knowledgeable lawyers. We know that these very specific, and sometimes confusing, regulations are complex; thus, it is for this reason that we recommend talking with one of our experienced Glendale business law attorneys whom are experienced in will assist you in ensuring that your property stands with the law.
There are a number of hearings which take occur in the California Juvenile Court system including the following:
The court has several sentencing options sentencing a juvenile as payment of a fine or restitution community service, informal probation, formal probation, California Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) commitment.
Under Welfare & Institutions Code Section 707(b) there are 30 serious crimes for which juveniles at least 16 years of age can be tried as adults. Criminal cases where a juvenile may be treated as an adult under Welfare & Institutions Code Section 707(b) include the following types of criminal cases:
Hire the most dedicated Glendale criminal defense lawyer who has experience with handling various juvenile cases. If you or your child has been convicted of a crime we invite you to give us a toll free call at (310) 943-1171.
In case the defendant destroyed the evidence when no legal investigation or trial was in process, and later it turned out that the destroyed thing could be used as an evidence in an investigation process that began later he can’t be convicted under Penal Code 135 PC.
A person can be convicted for Penal Code 135 PC intentionally destroying almost any type of evidence such as
It is important to mention that destroying or concealing evidence is not like other California crimes where a person can be charged for attempting to commit a crime. In order to be convicted under California Penal Code Section 135, defendant must have been successful at destroying or concealing the evidence. An unsuccessful attempt to destroy or conceal evidence in California will not lead to a conviction.
There are several common legal defenses for CA Penal Code 135 which including some of the following:
In case defendant wasn’t aware that there was an active criminal investigation when he destroyed or concealed the item of the question, he cannot be convicted of this crime.
In case the evidence was destroyed or concealed accidently and the defendant didn’t act consciously he should not be convicted of this crime.
In case the evidence survived destruction or it was possible to restore it, then the defendant cannot be convicted of concealing or destroying evidence.
Penalties for Penal Code 135 destroying or concealing evidence is a misdemeanor in California Law. The penalties are the following:
The penalties can be leveled in conjunction with penalties for any other crime defendant is accused of. Additionally defendant usually faces to other penalties, such as a 3 year probation period, community service, restitution, civil lawsuits, negative professional licensing consequences, immigration consequences and more.
Hire the most dedicated Glendale criminal defense lawyer who has experience with Penal Code 135 PC cases. You can rely on our experienced California Penal Code 135 PC defense Lawyer to carefully analyze the facts of your case to prove the facts necessary. We back all of our clients and we invite you to give us a toll free call at (310) 943-1171 to speak to our experienced attorney today. Get in touch with us at KAASS LAW, 815 E Colorado St #220, Glendale, CA 91205, (310) 943-1171.
In auto burglary cases, the most common forms of vehicles include cars, trucks, or motorcycles.
California Penal Code Section 459 clearly states that the doors of the vehicle must be locked, meaning that a person must get inside to be convicted of auto burglary.
Here are some actions that can be considered as breaking in a locked vehicle: smashing the window, using a tool to get inside a trunk, reaching into an open window to open the door. You are considered to have “entered” a vehicle in case any part of your body or any object goes inside of it. This means that you don’t have to actually open the door and place your whole body inside the vehicle for committing auto burglary.
There are many common defenses to an auto burglary charge include the following legal defenses.
One of the most common defenses to an auto burglary charge is to argue that the doors or the trunk of the vehicle weren't locked and there was no forced entry. Without proving this important element, a person can’t be convicted of auto burglary.
One of the main elements of auto burglary is intent to commit a California felony or theft. If a person simply entered someone else's locked vehicle with no intent to steal or commit another kind of felony he can’t be convicted of auto burglary crime.
Under California law auto burglary is considered a form of second-degree burglary which is a wobbler and depending on the circumstances of the offense and defendant’s criminal history it can charged as either a misdemeanor or felony.
In case the defendant breaks into an inhabited trailer with the intent to commit a theft or felony he may be committed to first-degree burglary with the punishment of two, four or six years in California state prison.
Are you in need of legal assistance from an attorney for burglary charges in California? Dedicated Glendale criminal defense lawyers at KAASS Law are prepared to help you out! Get in touch with us now at (310) 943-1171 or fill out the contact form below.
[contact-form-7 id="5673" title="KAASS LAW Contact Form"]
Consent is a positive cooperation in an act meaning that one acts freely and voluntarily. Consenting to sexual act means doing so willingly with realizing the nature of the sexual act. The prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the victim did not give the consent to the sexual intercourse
A few legal defenses to California Penal Code 261.5 statutory rape include the following:
Reasonable Mistake as to Consent
The defendant cannot be found guilty of rape if he reasonably and honestly believed that the victim was a consensual and willing participant and gave the approval of sexual intercourse. In case the victim was asleep, unconscious, mentally disabled or intoxicated at the time of the sexual act, then this defense can’t be used.
Insufficient evidence
There may be no physical evidence to confirm the rape charges in case the victim doesn't seek medical care. Likewise, if there were no witnesses, the rape case may only be based on victim’s statements. In situations like this, the legal defense of insufficient evidence may be applicable. There are always difficulties with proving rape charges when the only evidence is the unconfirmed statements of the accuser.
False accusations
Very often, people are wrongly accused of sex crimes. Sometimes, one can accuse another of rape to exert revenge or purely out of jealousy. An individual can also falsely accuse the spouse in order to get a divorce or child custody.
Under California Law rape is considered a felony offense. Possible punishment for this crime:
In case the victim sustains great bodily injury the defendant will face additional three to five years in prison. The punishment increases from 7 to 11 years if the victim is less than 18 years of age. If the victim is under 14, the imprisonment can increase from 9 to 13 years. In most California rape convictions the defendant will also be required to register as a sex offender for a lifetime pursuant.
Hire the most dedicated Glendale criminal defense lawyer to the legal services you require! Our attorneys at KAASS LAW are highly dedicated to help our clients in every way possible. You can rely on our experienced lawyers in Glendale, Los Angeles, California, to carefully analyze the facts of your case to prove the facts necessary. We back all of our clients and we invite you to give us a toll free call at (310) 943-1171 to speak to our experienced Glendale criminal battery attorney today. Get in touch with us at KAASS LAW, 815 E Colorado St #220, Glendale, CA 91205, (310) 943-1171at any time!
Legal defenses to Penal Code Section 240 Assault include the following:
Under California Penal Code Section 240 assault is considered a misdemeanor. The possible penalties include:
There are various charges that fall under assault related offenses in California including the following criminal charges such as Penal Code Section 245(a)(1) assault with a deadly weapon.
Under Penal Code Section 245(a)(1) assault with a deadly weapon, known also as ADW, is assault committed by means of a deadly weapon or force likely to inflict great bodily injury.
To be convicted of assault with a deadly weapon the prosecution must prove the following elements
A “deadly weapon” is any instrument, object or weapon which use can likely produce death or great bodily injury (like a knife or a gun).
Under California Penal Code 245(a)(1), assault with a deadly weapon is considered a wobbler, and depending on the specific circumstances it can be charged either as a misdemeanor or a felony. Prosecutor's decision about whether to charge ADW as a misdemeanor or a felony is based on several factors, such as:
Penalties for misdemeanor assault with deadly weapon include the following:
Under Felony California Penal Code 245(a)(1), assault with a deadly weapon penalties include the following:
If a deadly weapon was an ordinary firearm, then the above mentioned penalties still apply. However, the misdemeanor ADW with a firearm carries up to six months in county jail.
In case the used deadly weapon was a semiautomatic, then the defendant is sentenced to a prison term of three, six or nine years. In case the weapon was a machine gun or assault weapon, then the defendant will be subject to a prison term of four, eight, or twelve years.
California Penal Code 244 Assault with caustic chemicals occurs whenever a person willfully and maliciously places or throws, or causes to be placed or thrown any caustic chemical, a corrosive substance, flammable substance or vitriol with the intention of injuring another person’s flesh or disfiguring the body.
In order to be convicted in assault with caustic chemicals the prosecution must prove every single of the above mentioned elements.
Under Penal Code section 244 a caustic chemical is any corrosive, flammable substance that can burn living tissue.
Kerosene, acid, gasoline, petroleum products, or flammable liquids with one hundred fifty degrees Fahrenheit or less are examples brought in Penal Code section 244.
Assault with dangerous chemicals is considered a felony and penalties for a Penal code 244 convicts can include:
Hire the most dedicated Glendale criminal defense lawyer to the legal services you require! Our attorneys at KAASS LAW are highly dedicated to help our clients in every way possible. You can rely on our experienced lawyers in Glendale, Los Angeles, California, to carefully analyze the facts of your case to prove the facts necessary. We back all of our clients and we invite you to give us a toll free call at (310) 943-1171 to speak to our experienced Glendale criminal battery attorney today. Get in touch with us at KAASS LAW, 815 E Colorado St #220, Glendale, CA 91205, (310) 943-1171at any time!
Property is considered “stolen” if it is obtained by burglary, grand theft, robbery, larceny, embezzlement, or any other theft crime. Property is obtained by extortion in case it is acquired from another person with his consent, but that consent was obtained through the use of force or fear.
As one of the essential elements of the offense, the prosecutor must prove that the defendant knew that the property was unlawfully obtained. In case a person was unaware of that fact, he cannot be charged with the receipt of stolen property.
The prosecutor should also prove that the defendant was actually aware the property was in his possession. In case a person didn’t know about the presence of the property, he can’t be convicted under Penal Code Section 496.
This defense applies if the defendant can show that he intended to return the stolen property to the police or the rightful owner at the time he had received the property. If the defendant decided to keep the stolen property and only later intended to return it this defense will fail.
In California law receiving stolen property is considered a wobbler and can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony, depending on the defendant's prior criminal history and case circumstances. But if the total value of the property is $950 or less the defendant can only be charged with misdemeanor.
Penalties for misdemeanor 496(a) PC receiving stolen property offense include the following:
Penalties for a felony 496(a) PC receiving stolen property offense include the following:
In addition to the penalties mentioned above a person may face a civil lawsuit by the rightful owner of the property. Lastly, if a convicted person is a noncitizen, he will have immigration consequences which can include a bar to citizenship, reentry to the US, adjustment of status, and deportation.
For answers to any other questions you may still have about California Penal Code 496(a) or to discuss your case confidentially with our team of experienced California criminal defense attorneys at KAASS Law. Give give us a call at (310) 943-1171. We are highly dedicated to serving the needs of our clients.