What Defects are Ovens Prone to That Can Endanger People and Property?
Ovens are among the most common kitchen pieces to contain defects that are significant enough to result in oven product liability lawsuits. These defects can merely be ones that don’t allow it to properly function, but they can also be dangerous, causing devastating damage to your belongings and even yourself and others. Some of these defects in oven product liability include:
Wiring defects, which can result in unintentional ignition
Issues with the burner or related parts, which notoriously cause fires
Door and glass defect, which can cause the oven to build up too much pressure inside
Mechanical issues involving non-working parts of the oven, which can indirectly cause an accident
Under What Basis Can I Sue the Manufacture of an Oven for Defects?
If a defect in an oven led to damage to yourself, your family, or your property, there are several channels you can use to pursue compensation. When you gain legal representation and eventually sue the company based on their liability for the damage caused, your attorney can decide to sue based on several basis of defects, including:
Marketing defects, which refer to defects having to do with any instructions of use or safety notices for the oven.
Design defects, which are defects that are a cause by flaws in the design of the product
Manufacturing defects, which arise from issues in the creation of the actual oven
How Can I Get Compensation if My Dysfunctional Oven Causes Damage to my Home and Myself?
If a faulty oven causes damage to your dwelling, your items inside the property, or even yourself and the people you live with, you have a claim to recovery for all of these damages and any pain and suffering that the damages may have been the cause. The first step to getting compensation is to gain legal representation and open a claim with the company who made the faulty product. You must do so within 2 years of the accident in California in order to be eligible for compensation. As mentioned before, you are entitled to compensation for damages to physical property and people. There are ways, however, that companies may try to avoid having to pay you. Here are some common defenses to product liability lawsuits:
You misused the product in a way that was unsafe or risks causing damages
You altered the product or used it when it was built incorrectly
The risks were clearly outlined in the instructions, so clearly that a reasonable person should have been able to avoid them
Los Angeles Products Liability Attorney
If you or a loved one has been injured due to a oven product defect we invite you to contact our Los Angeles products liability attorney today at (310) 943-1171 today for a free consultation and case review. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aauCQGrjBB0&ab_channel=KaassLaw
California Penal Code Section 18710 prohibits the illegal possession of destructive devices other than fixed ammunition of a caliber greater than 0.60 inches.
What Must the Prosecution Prove In Order to Be Found Guilty of Penal Code 18710 Possessing Destructive or Explosive Devices?
The prosecutor must establish the following elements to prove that the defendant is guilty under California PC Section 18710 possessing destructive or explosive devices.
Defendant possessed a destructive device
Defendant was aware that he was possessing a destructive device
Defendant was aware that what he possessed was a destructive device.
What is Considered a Destructive Device in California?
In California a destructive device is defined as the following:
Any projectile which contains an incendiary or explosive material or any other chemical substance including tracer or incendiary ammunition, other than tracer ammunition designed for use in shotguns
According to 18 U.S. Code Section 1028, it is prohibited to knowingly transfer, possess, or use someone else's means of identification without lawful authority, with the intent to commit, aid, abet, or engage in any unlawful activity that violates federal law. Under 18 US Code Section 1028A aggravated identity theft is defined as the knowing and unauthorized possession, transfer, or use of a means of identification in the commission of certain felonies.
The Felonies which Trigger the Aggravated Identity Theft Statute are the following:
Theft of public money or property: 18 USC 641
Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by a bank officer or employee: 18 USC 656
Theft from employee benefit plans: 18 USC 664
False personation of citizenship: 18 USC 911
False statements made in connection with the acquisition of a firearm: 18 USC 922(a)(6)
Any crime from Chapter 47 of USC relating to fraud and false statements
Any crime from Chapter 63 of USC relating to mail, bank, and wire fraud
What types of Injuries Can Happen When Using Exercise Equipment?
Exercise Equipment Product Liability is based on equipment that are very prone to causing injuries that result from their defects. Whether the accident happened at a gym, or at your own home, those involving exercise equipment can result in some of the most devastating injuries that arise from their defects, due to the nature of these products. These products cause tens of thousands of injuries every year, and some specific types of exercise equipment, such as treadmills, are among the most recalled products in America. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jk41OYNcWV4&feature=youtu.be
When are the Producers of Exercise Equipment Liable for Damages from Faulty Products?
Creators of defective exercise equipment are liable for the damages when it is clear that the injuries or other damages arose directly due to the product defect. These damages can be to property that you own, or bodily damages in the form of injuries.
Examples of Situations Where A Manufacture Could Be Liable for Damages Sustained Due to Defective Exercise Equipment
California Vehicle Code (CVC) 21955 states that “between adjacent intersections controlled by traffic control signal devices or by police officers, pedestrians shall not cross the roadway at any place except in a crosswalk.”
What are the Laws on Jaywalking in California?
Jaywalking refers to when a pedestrian crosses a road with marked crosswalks or a marked intersection but does so from a point other than the designated crosswalk. Jaywalking laws protect both pedestrians and automobile drivers from avoidable car accidents. Law enforcement officers are unlikely to arrest you for jaywalking, but they will likely issue a ticket if they see you. In California, jaywalking is an infraction, and a first offense will cost you a minimum fine of $196. The DMV will not assess points onto your driving record.
How Can I Stay Safe as a Pedestrian?
As a pedestrian, it is your duty and your responsibility to keep yourself safe. In addition to abiding by jaywalking rules, here are some safety tips you can follow to ensure your safety when walking:
Carefully observe and obey all traffic signals
Always fully stop and look both ways before crossing any road
A judge issues a bench warrant, also called a "body attachment," as the most common arrest warrant in California. A judge issues a bench warrant, ordering the immediate arrest of a person. Judges issue bench warrants under California Penal Code sections 166 and 978.5. A bench warrant arises from a failure to follow the terms of a pre-existing offense. Not from the suspicion of criminal activity.
Can a Bench Warrant Be Issued for Failing to Appear in Court in California?
California judges can issue a bench warrant for failure to appear in court. If a person fails to appear for any scheduled court date, the judge can issue a California bench warrant. Failure to appear warrants constitute the most commonly issued bench warrants. Some examples include but are not limited to:
Failure to appear in court after the date and place was fixed for the person to appear after criminal charges or an accusation against him;
Failure to appear in court after a judge has personally ordered the person to appear
Failure to appear in court for show completion of community service, proof of enrollment, or another alternative sentencing;
The general law of privacy, which affords a tort action for damages resulting from an illegal invasion of privacy
The constitutional right of privacy, which protects personal privacy against illegal governmental invasion.
Invasion of privacy is tort-based, allowing a victim to bring a lawsuit against a person who illegally intrudes into their private life, publicizes them in a false light, discloses their private information, or appropriates their name for personal gain. In California, Public Disclosure of Private Facts is considered a form of invasion of privacy.
Elements of Public Disclosure of Private Facts: CACI 1801
According to CACI 1801 to prove the claim of violation of a right of privacy the plaintiff must be able to establish the following elements:
Defendant publicized private information concerning the plaintiff
A reasonable person in the position of the plaintiff would consider the publicity highly offensive
California Penal Code Section 286(a) defines sodomy as sexual conduct involving contact between one person’s penis and another person’s anus. Any sexual penetration, no matter how slight, qualifies as sodomy.
What Must the Prosecution Prove to Find Guilt Under Penal Code 286(a) Sodomy?
To find the defendant guilty under Penal Code Section 286(a) for sodomy, the prosecution must prove the following elements:
Participated in an act of sodomy with a minor who was under the age of 18 years old: California Penal Code Section 286(b)(1);
Is over the age of 21 years and participated in the act of sodomy with a minor who is under 16 years of age: California Penal Code Section 286(b)(2);
Participated in an act of sodomy with a minor under the age of 14 years and the age difference between the defendant and the minor was more than 10 years: California Penal Code Section 286(c)(1);
A person commits an act of sodomy when they accomplish it against the victim's will using violence, force, duress, menace, or fear of immediate bodily harm to the victim or another person.: ;
A person who has been convicted of a felony in California has a chance to apply for Governor’s pardon. A Governor’s pardon is an honor that can be granted to an individual who can show excellent behavior and a law-abiding life following his conviction.
Who Can Apply for a Governor's Pardon?
Generally, any person with a California state conviction is eligible to apply to the Governor for a pardon, a form of executive clemency--whenever an executive shows mercy in any form including pardon, reduction, stay. The Governor cannot pardon convictions from other states or federal and military convictions. People convicted in other states shall obtain a pardon in that state and people convicted in federal and military crimes can only be pardoned by the US president.
What are the Benefits of a Governors Pardon?
If a person is granted a pardon the following rights will be restored:
Right to own and possess firearms under 2nd Amendment (unless person had felony conviction involving the use of a dangerous weapon).
Right to serve on California criminal or civil jury
Ability to serve as a state parole officer or county probation officer
According to 18 USC 2422 and 2423, it is unlawful to engage in sexual activity and conduct with minors.
What the Prosecution Must Establish to Convict Under 18 U.S.C. §§ 2422 and 2423?
The prosecution must establish the following elements for convicting the defendant under 18 USC Sections 2422 and 2423
Defendant knowingly persuaded, enticed, induced, or coerced any minor to travel between states or internationally for engaging in prostitution or in any illegal sexual activity, or attempted to do so;
Defendant used the mail or means of interstate or foreign commerce to knowingly persuade, entice, induce, or coerce any minor to engage in any illegal sexual activity or attempted to do so;
Defendant knowingly transported a minor between states or internationally with the intention to engage in an illegal sexual activity; and
Defendant traveled between states or internationally for the purpose of engaging in any unlawful sexual conduct with a minor
What is Illegal or Illicit Sexual Conduct Under Federal Law?
Under federal law illegal or illicit sexual conduct includes the following:
Any explosive missile, grenade, bomb, or similar device or any launching device
Any rocket, rocket-propelled projectile or similar device with a diameter greater than 0.60 inch
Any breakable container which contains a flammable liquid with a flashpoint of 150 degrees Fahrenheit or less with a wick or similar device capable of being ignited
Any weapon greater than 0.60 caliber which fires fixed ammunition, or any other ammunition for such a weapon
Any sealed device which contains dry ice or other chemically reactive material assembled for causing an explosion.
In California, there are many prohibited devices and weapons and some of them include bombs, missiles, rocket or grenade launchers, and land mines
Possession of a Destructive Device
According to California law possession of destructive devices can be actual and constructive. Actual possession is when the defendant has the dives in his physical possession. Constructive possession occurs when a defendant has control over the device but doesn’t have actual possession over it. Consequently, a defendant doesn’t have to actually touch or hold the device for it to qualify as a possession.
What are the Penalties for A California PC Section 18710 Conviction?
Penalties for a PC section 1817 conviction is a wobbler and can be punished as either a misdemeanor or a felony, depending on the defendant’s criminal history and the case facts.
What are the Penalties for A Misdemeanor Penal Code 18710 Conviction?
Penalties for misdemeanor penal code 18710 conviction include the following:
Up to one year in s county jail
A fine of up to $1,000
What are the Penalties for A Felony Penal Code 18710 Conviction?
Penalties for felony penal code 18710 conviction include the following:
Sixteen months, two or three years in California state prison
A fine of up to $10,000
Penalty Enhancement Under PC 18715
Under PC 18715 reckless or malicious possession of a destructive device in the following locations can increase the sentence:
A public street or highway
In or near a school, college, hotel, theater, hall, church, or any other public building
In or near a private residence
In, on, or near a railway passenger train, aircraft, cable road, car, cable car, or vessel that carries transports passengers;
In any public place passed by human beings.
The defendant will face felony penalties of two, four, or six years in state prison.
What are the Penalties for a PC 18740 Conviction?
In case the prosecutor establishes that defendant had the intention to intimidate, injure, or terrify a person, or to wrongfully destroy or injure or property under PC 18740 the penalties include three, five, or seven years in state prison.
What are the Penalties for a PC 18750 Conviction?
In case the defendant had malicious intent to injure another person with the device under under PC 18755 the penalties include five, seven, or nine years imprisonment in state prison.
Federal Prosecution for Possession of Explosives
In addition to state criminal liability, a person may be subject to federal liability. Under 18 U.S. Code § 844, it is unlawful to:
Manufacture
Store
Distribute explosives
It is a federal crime to do so without a license. If the device is discovered during the commission of another crime or near critical facilities such as:
Airports
Government buildings
Public transportation
The case may be transferred to federal jurisdiction.
Additional Consequences of Conviction
In addition to incarceration and fines, a conviction under the Explosives Possession Statute carries collateral consequences. These include:
Lifetime ban on gun ownership
Employment problems
And for aliens:
Deportation
Denial of U.S. citizenship
In addition, if the offense is found to be related to street gang activity, the court may order the convicted person to register as a gang member. Contact KAASS LAW at (310) 943-1171 for a consultation.
What are the Penalties for a PC 18755 Conviction?
In case the defendant caused death to another person under PC 18755, the penalties include a life sentence without the possibility of parole.
For more information about possessing destructive or explosive devices, and to schedule your free consultation and case review contact KAASS LAW at (310) 943-1171 today and speak to our Glendale criminal defense attorney.
Any crime in Chapter 69 of USC relating to nationality and citizenship
Any crime in Chapter 75 of USC relating to passports and visas
15 USC 6821 relating to obtaining customer information by false pretenses
Violations concerning willfully failing to leave the US after deportation and creating a counterfeit alien registration card
USC 1321-1330Immigration offenses
False statements relating to Social Security programs
What is 18 USC Section 1028a?
Basically, 18 USC Section 1028A acts as an enhancement for federal defendants convicted of certain federal crimes listed in subsection "c" of Section 1028A. Aggravated identity theft provides for an extra mandatory consecutive sentence to any sentence imposed upon the underlying crime for a defendant who knowingly possessed, transferred, or used another person’s identification
To Be Found Guilty of Federal Aggravated Identity Theft The Prosecution Must Prove
The prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt the following elements to convict the defendant of federal aggravated identity theft:
Defendant knowingly possessed, transferred, or used another person’s identification documents or means of identification
Defendant did so without lawful authority
Defendant did so during and in relation to the eligible felony alleged in the indictment.
"Means of Identification" For Federal Aggravated Identity Theft
Means of identification is any name or number used, alone or together with any other information, to identify a person, including a name, date of birth, social security number, driver’s license or identification number, passport number, alien registration number, the taxpayer or employer identification number, routing code or electronic identification number.
Conspiracy to Commit Federal Aggravated Identity Theft
The defendant may face criminal charges when the identity theft has not even occurred as the attempted identity theft carries the same penalties as the theft. Authorities treat conspiracy to commit identity theft in a similar way. Helping someone commit identity theft can also be considered a crime. Authorities can classify the unlawful actions as a crime, even if the defendant did not gain any financial benefit from using someone else's information.
What are The Penalties for 18 U.S Code 1028a Aggravated Identity Theft Conviction?
The penalties for a 18 U.S Code 1028a Aggravated Identity Theft Conviction including the following: In addition to any punishment, the judge imposes for the underlying federal crime the defendant faces a minimum mandatory sentence of two years imprisonment for aggravated identity theft.
Terrorism-Related Sentencing
In case the underlying felony is related to terrorist activity the minimum mandatory sentence for aggravated identity theft increases from two years to five years imprisonment.
Additional Consequences and Mitigating Circumstances
It is important to understand that a conviction for Aggravated Identity Theft is not subject to:
Probation
Early release
Consolidation with another sentence
This means that the two years will be served after the base sentence, regardless of the circumstances. In addition, prior convictions for similar crimes may affect the sentence enhancement. The court may also consider:
The extent of harm to the victim
The size of the scheme
The number of identities used
The organizational level of the defendant's actions
Alternative Defense Strategies
Lawyers can build a defense based on lack of intent: if the defendant didn't know he or she was using someone else's identity. Or believed he or she had permission. The fact that there was a means of identification can also be challenged. In cases where the prosecution has not proven that the data used actually identifies a specific person.
Federal Investigative Agencies
Cases under 18 U.S. Code § 1028A are often investigated by the FBI, U.S. Secret Service, and immigration authorities, especially if the case involves international schemes, visas, or citizenship documents. If you are facing such charges, it is critical that you contact an experienced federal criminal defense attorney as soon as possible.
Federal Aggravated Identity Theft Defense Attorney
If you or a loved one is charged with federal aggravated identity theft, we invite you to contact our Glendale criminal defense attorney at KAASS LAW at (310) 943-1171 for a free consultation and case review. Our staff speaks Spanish, Armenian, Russian, and French.
Here are some examples of situations where a manufacture would likely have to compensate the victim for damages:
Joseph uses a pull-up bar that he installed in his doorframe, when suddenly, the bar breaks. The accident left a gaping hole in his wall and also caused him to hit his head very hard, giving him a concussion.
Mary uses a brand new machine at her local gym, and the cord on the machine breaks, causing her to pull a hamstring
Fred was using his treadmill at home, and a circuit issue causes the treadmill to catch fire and burn many of his belongings
How Do Exercise Equipment Manufactures Defend Themselves Against Product Liability Lawsuits?
There are plenty of possible defenses to a product liability lawsuit, but generally, all of these defenses espouse the same 3 things. They are:
The defendant was negligent when using the equipment
The defendant, “assumed the risk,” meaning that they did something (signed a contract) specifically accepting that there was risk to using the product
The accident did not cause the damages in question
Let’s apply these to our earlier examples:
The pull-up bar producer points out that their manual clearly states the product should not be of usage by those over 300 lbs, and Joseph is 325 lbs.
Mary signed a contract before entering the gym, agreeing not to sue the gym or any of the producers of the equipment if she is injured
The maker of the treadmill was able to show that the fire was caused by an electrical issue in Fred’s home, not because of the treadmill itself
Never assume a driver will give you the right-of-way
Wear brightly colored clothing to ensure that drivers see you; if walking at night, wear reflective clothing
Make eye contact with drivers through the window to ensure that the driver has seen you crossing
Pay attention to your surroundings. Do not wear headphones or look down at your phone when crossing a road
What Should I do if I am Injured While Jaywalking?
Drivers and pedestrians must share the road. They also share the responsibility for keeping themselves and each other safe by staying alert and abiding by traffic rules. If you injure yourself while jaywalking or injure someone who is jaywalking, you must determine who was at fault or more at fault for the accident.
Los Angeles Pedestrian Injury Lawyer
If you injure yourself while jaywalking, you will likely share some fault for the accident. This doesn’t mean you won’t receive compensation, but we recommend seeking help from a Los Angeles pedestrian injury lawyer to avoid full responsibility. If you or a loved one were injured while crossing the street, contact KAASS LAW (310) 943-1171 for a free consultation.
Failure to appear in court after a police officer has issued a citation.
Additionally, the judge may issue a bench warrant if a person indicted by a California grand jury is not present at the indicated time.
Penalties for Failure to Appear in Court in California
California Penal Code Section 853.7: Failure to Appear-Written Promise
If a person willfully fails to appear in court after receiving a written promise to appear, the prosecution will charge them with "failure to appear" as a misdemeanor. This is punishable by up to one year in county jail and/or a maximum fine of up to $1,000.
California Penal Code Section 1320(a): Failure to Appear in Misdemeanor Case
If a person released on his own recognizance for a misdemeanor case willfully fails to appear in court within 14 days of a scheduled date, he will face additional charges of misdemeanor "failure to appear" for evading the process of the court. In this case, a person may face a fine of up to $1,000 and a sentence of up to six-month in county jail.
California Penal Code Section 1320(b): Failure to Appear in Felony Case
If a person released on their own recognizance for a felony case willfully fails to appear in court within 14 days of the scheduled date, the court will charge them with felony "failure to appear." A person may face a minimum fine of $5,000 and a sentence in a county jail or state prison. In case fail to appear in court involves a felony case where a person posted bail, the maximum fine increases from $5,000 to $10,000.
What are The Penalties for Failure to Pay a Fine or Restitution in California?
If a person willfully fails to pay court fines or ordered restitution the court may also issue a bench warrant. According to California Penal Code section 1203.04 a willful failure to pay a fine or restitution if a person has financial ability to do so is a misdemeanor and is punishable by up to one year in county jail
California Bench Warrants for Disobeying a Court's Order
The court can also issue a bench warrant if a person fails to obey its orders. If a person fails to complete a report for drug-testing, community service, or court-ordered classes, the court will charge them with a probation violation.
What is Civil Assessment Per California Penal Code section 1214.1?
California Penal Code section 1214.1 states that if a person fails to pay a fine on time, violates a written promise to appear in court, or disobeys a court order, the court may charge a penalty assessment of up to $300,000 and refer the case for collection. According to California Vehicle Code section 40508(d) if a person willfully fails to pay on time any fine or portion thereof due to a conviction for an infraction the court can also suspend his driver's license for 30 days.
Criminal Defense Attorney
In case you have a bench warrant out for your arrest, it is important to contact an experienced criminal attorney. Call (310) 943-1171 today for a free consultation. If you or a loved one has been issued a bench warrant, we invite you to contact our Glendale criminal defense attorney at KAASS LAW at (310) 943-1171 for a free consultation and case review. Our staff speaks Spanish, Armenian, Russian, and French.
Defendant knew or acted with reckless disregard of the fact, that a reasonable person in the position of the plaintiff would consider the publicity highly offensive
Private information wasn’t of legitimate public concern
The defendant’s actions caused direct harm to the plaintiff, resulting in physical, emotional, or financial damages.
Defendant’s conduct was a substantial factor in causing harm to the plaintiff
To recover on a claim for invasion of privacy based on public disclosure of private facts, the plaintiff needs to show that the disclosed information was private and not of legitimate concern to the public, and that disclosure would be highly offensive to any reasonable person. Furthermore, the plaintiff must show that the disclosure of facts was actually public in nature. In addition, the defendant can’t be liable when he merely gives further publicity to information about a plaintiff that is already public.
Examples of Public Disclosure Include Publications In:
Books
Newspapers
Magazines
Motion pictures
Radio or television broadcasts
Newsworthy Private Facts
A reasonable member of the community may consider a private fact newsworthy if they could entertain a legitimate interest in it. Generally, courts recognize that the public has a legitimate interest in almost all current events, even if it contains private information about participants. Additionally, the public has a legitimate interest in the private lives of notorious or prominent figures, such as professional athletes, actors, actresses, public officers, and noted inventors.. In deciding whether the information was a matter of legitimate public concern the following factors must be concerned:
The social value of the information
The extent of the intrusion into the plaintiff’s privacy
Whether the plaintiff consented to the publicity explicitly or by voluntarily seeking public attention or a public office
Legal Defenses to a Public Disclosure of Private Facts Claim
Plaintiff couldn’t manage to prove all the above-mentioned elements of the claim
The disclosed facts were true gathered from public records
The defendant had the prior consent of the victim to disclose the information
What is Not Considered a Breach?
It is important to understand that not every disclosure of information is automatically an invasion of privacy. For example, if the information disclosed is already in the public domain, it is not a violation of the law to disclose it. In California, there is a principle that facts that have been previously published or are public knowledge cannot be the basis of a lawsuit. In addition, it has been held that when a person voluntarily discloses certain information to the public, he or she loses the protection of privacy with respect to that information.
Special Features of Cases Involving the Digital Environment
With the development of technology, the number of cases involving the publication of private information on the Internet has increased significantly. The digital environment sometimes makes it difficult to determine whether information has actually been made public. However, courts are increasingly recognizing online postings as sufficient grounds for a case. For example, posting personal medical or financial information without the victim's consent. Courts treat this type of conduct as a serious invasion of privacy, and individuals who engage in it may face civil liability, including potential lawsuits and financial penalties.
Damages a Victim Can Recover
The compensatory damages a victim can recover depend on the specific facts of a case. Here are some common examples of damages:
Loss of reputation
Damage to the trade or occupation
Loss of business income as a result of the disclosure
Do you need additional information regarding a specific situation that you or a loved one face? KAASS LAW attorneys you should be able to provide you with legal assistance regarding the matter.
Ask for advice
If you suspect that your privacy rights have been violated, KAASS LAW is here to help. We will provide:
With a minor under the age of 14 when the act was accomplished against the victim’s will by means of violence, force, duress, menace, or fear of immediate bodily injury on the victim: California Penal Code Section 286(c)(2)(B);
Committed an act of sodomy with a minor under the age of 14 or older when the act was accomplished against the victim’s will by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim: California Penal Code Section 286(c)(2)(C);
Committed an act of sodomy where the act was accomplished against the victim’s will by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person: California Penal Code Section 286(c)(3);
While acting with another person, either personally or as an accomplice, committed sodomy against the victim’s will using violence, force, duress, menace, or fear of immediate bodily injury to the victim or another person: California Penal Code Section 286 (d)(1);
Voluntarily acted in concert with another person, either personally or aiding and abetting that person, committed an act of sodomy upon the victim who was under 14 years of age, when the act was accomplished against the victim’s will by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate bodily injury on the victim or another person: California Penal Code Section 286(d)(2);
While voluntarily acting in concert with another person either personally or aiding and abetting that person, committed an act of sodomy upon a minor under the age of 14 or older the act was accomplished against the victim’s will by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person, and there was a reasonable possibility that the perpetrator would execute that threat. California Penal Code Section 286(d)(3);
Committed sodomy when the victim was unconscious of the nature of the act: California Penal Code Section 286(f).
Committed sodomy when the victim was incapable due to a mental, developmental, or physical disability, and the defendant knew or should have known that: California Penal Code Section 286(g).
What are the Penalties for A California Penal Code 286 Sodomy Conviction?
The penalties for a sodomy conviction under Penal Code Sections 286(b)(1), 286(e), and 286(h) are wobblers. The court may charge the defendant with either a misdemeanor or a felony, depending on the case circumstances and the defendant’s criminal history.
What are the Penalties for a Misdemeanor Sodomy Conviction?
The penalties for a misdemeanor sodomy conviction include:
Up to one year in a county jail
A fine of up to $1,000
Misdemeanor probation
What are the Penalties for a Felony Sodomy Conviction?
The penalties for a felony sodomy conviction include:
16 months, two or three years in California State Prison
A fine of up to $10,000
Felony probation
What are the Penalties for a Felony Penal Code Section 286(b)(2) Conviction?
Penalties for a felony California Penal Code Section 286(b)(2) conviction include:
16 months, two or three years in California State Prison
A fine of up to $10,000
Felony probation
What are the Penalties for a Felony Penal Code Section 286(d) Conviction?
Penalties for a felony California Penal Code Section 286(d) conviction include:
Five, seven, or nine years in California State Prison
A fine of up to $10,000
Felony probation
Other Penalties Convictions under California PC Section 286
All remaining convictions under California PC Section 286 carry the following penalties:
Three, six, or eight years in California State Prison
A fine of up to $10,000
Felony probation
Glendale Criminal Defense Attorney
Facing charges under California Penal Code 286? Contact KAASS LAW at (310) 943-1171 for a free consultation and case review. Our staff speaks Spanish, Armenian, Russian, and French.
Right to apply for a state professional licensing without being automatically disqualified
Relief from a duty to register as a sex offender
What are the Limitations of a Governor’s Pardon?
A Governor’s pardon does not restore the following rights and limitations:
A person cannot serve as a peace officer
Record of conviction is not sealed or erased and a person must disclose his conviction when applying for public employment and citizenship
In case a person is convicted of an offense after the pardon was granted, his prior conviction can be used against him to enhance the sentence and impeach his credibility
A pardon doesn’t protect a person from deportation in case he is not a U.S. citizen and has immigration issues
A right to own or possess firearms will not be restored in case the conviction was connected with domestic violence or involved the use of a dangerous weapon
How to Obtain a Governor's Pardon in California?
Obtain a Certificate of Rehabilitation (COR) from the Superior Court, see Los Angeles Superior Court Instruction Packet.
Certificate of Rehabilitation is a court order that attests to a person’s rehabilitation.
How Does Someone Become Eligible for Receiving a COR in California? Eligibility for receiving a certificate of rehabilitation ("COR") include the following:
Person must have continuously live in California for the past 5 years since his release or for 3 years in case he was on parole
Additional waiting period has passed since person was released
Person has not been jailed or imprisoned since the end of his sentence
Person is not currently on probation for a felony conviction.
Person is not deemed ineligible to obtain a California Certificate of Rehabilitation.
Person must have lived a custody-free life
Person must show proof of rehabilitation and convince the judge that he deserve to exercise all the civil and political rights of citizenship.
Use a direct pardon application
Direct Pardon Application
Direct pardon application is available to individuals who are ineligible for a COR. A person must use the direct pardon process in case he was convicted of a crime in California and now reside outside the state.
How to Obtain a Direct Pardon Application in California? A person can find the application by accessing the Governor’s website at https://www.gov.ca.gov/ or can request it in writing from the following address:: Governor's Office of State Capitol, Attention: Legal Affairs, Sacramento, CA 95814
Where Do You Send an Application for Executive Clemency?
A person must first complete the Application for Executive Clemency. After that, he must send the Notice of Intent to Apply for Executive Clemency to the District Attorney in each county where he was convicted. Once notice is given, a person must submit the Application for Executive Clemency to the Office of Governor.
Application for Executive Clemency Review Process
Once the Governor’s Office receives a direct pardon application or a Certificate of Rehabilitation, the Office usually forwards it to the Board of Parole Hearings. The Board can conduct an investigation, contact the investigating law enforcement agency or the District Attorney and make a proposal on whether a pardon should be granted or not. In case the person has been convicted of more than one felony, the California Supreme Court must give its recommendation on granting a pardon to him before the Governor can do so. Also see Criminal Law Also see Court Forms
Any sexual act which involved a person under the age of 18 years for commercial activity such as but not limited to prostitution.
Any production or depiction of child pornography, including films, videos, photographs, pictures, or any other materials created through manual, digital, or other means.
Who is a Considered a Minor Under Federal Law?
Under federal law, a minor is any person under the age of 18. There are some exceptions to the definition of a minor, where the minor is a person under the age of 16.
Parties Involved in the Solicitation of a Minor
Any person can be an offender. The law does not limit the offender to one person. Anyone who intentionally and knowingly assists in coercion, transportation, or sexual activity can face prosecution.
What are the Penalties for a Federal Solicitation of a Minor Conviction?
Depending on the case circumstances federal solicitation of a minor can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony. In case the defendant is convicted of using internet, mail, or any other form of interstate or international communication to solicit or attempt to solicit of a minor with the intention to engage in illegal sexual activity, or he successfully transported the child for the illegal sexual activity, he can face:
Up to 10 years in federal prison for a misdemeanor conviction
A life sentence in federal prison for a felony conviction
A fine of up to $250,000.
What are the Penalties for 18 Section 2423 Conviction?
According to 18 Section 2423, the defendant is charged with traveling to another state, coming to the US, or traveling internationally and engaging in unlawful sexual activity with a person under 18, he will face:
Up to 30 years in federal prison.
A fine of up to $250,000.
Other Penalties for a Federal Sex Crime Conviction
Additionally, punishment for any federal sex crime is usually accompanied by an obligation to join the national sex registry. The registry compiles the information of sex offenders across all states and can have a severe impact on offender’s ability to find employment and keep a residence. The offender must register as a sex offender for 15 years, 25 years, or for life. Failing to register can result in a separate criminal charge, carrying up to 10 years in federal prison and significant fines.
Terms of Federal Supervision
After serving their sentence, most individuals are subject to federal supervision for a period ranging from 5 years to life. Violation of these conditions will result in a second prosecution. Supervision may include:
Using the Internet without prior authorization
Visiting certain public places where children may be present
Living near schools, parks, and child care facilities
Possessing devices with Internet access
Psychological Evaluation and Mandatory Treatment
The court may order a mandatory forensic psychological evaluation. If it is determined that the defendant is prone to reoffending, compulsory treatment is possible. Authorities carry out the process both in places of detention and after release. These measures aim to minimize the risk
Compulsory Registration in The Sex Offenders' Register
The law requires any person convicted of a qualifying sex offense to register in the national sex offender registry and to keep their information updated as mandated by legal authorities. Failure to register is punishable as a separate offense. The term of registration is 15, 25 years or life. However, failure to register is punishable by up to 10 years in prison.
Role of Defense in Post-Release Conditions
KAASS LAW provides legal assistance at all stages. Contact us for an evaluation of your situation.
California Federal Sex Crimes Defense Attorney
KAASS LAW experienced attorneys are specialized in state and federal sex crimes, including sex crimes involving minors. Contact our office at (310) 943-1171 to learn how our team can help you.